| Plant ARGONAUTE Protein Immunopurification for Pathogen Cross Kingdom Small RNA Analysis
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Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract] Over the last decade, it has been noticed that microbial pathogens and pests deliver small RNA (sRNA) effectors into their host plants to manipulate plant physiology and immunity for infection, known as cross kingdom RNA interference. In this process, fungal and oomycete parasite sRNAs hijack the plant ARGONAUTE (AGO)/RNA-induced silencing complex to post-transcriptionally silence host target genes. We hereby describe the methodological details of how we recovered cross kingdom sRNA effectors of the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis during infection of its host plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This Bio-protocol contains two parts: first, a detailed description on the procedure of plant AGO/sRNA co-immunopurification and sRNA recovery for Illumina high throughput sequencing ...
[摘要] [摘要]在过去的十年中，已经注意到，微生物病原体和害虫将小RNA（sRNA）效应子传递到宿主植物中，以操纵植物生理学和免疫力，称为跨界RNA干扰。在此过程中，真菌和卵菌寄生虫sRNA劫持了植物ARGONAUTE（AGO）/ RNA诱导的沉默复合体，以转录后沉默宿主靶基因。我们在此描述方法学的细节，我们如何在宿主植物拟南芥感染期间恢复卵菌病原体拟南芥的跨界sRNA效应子。该生物协议包含两个部分：第一，关于植物AGO / sRNA co- 免疫纯化和sRNA回收，用于Illumina高通量测序分析。其次，我们解释了如何进行生物信息学小号斯尔纳序列分析读取可使用Galaxy服务器。原则上，该协议适用于研究来自多种宿主植物和植物相互作用（微生物）的AGO结合的sRNA。
[背景]小RNA（sRNA）可以充当病原体效应物，劫持植物ARGONAUTE（AGO）/ RNA诱导的沉默复合物（RISC），并使宿主mRNA沉默以进行感染，这种病毒被称为跨界RNA干扰的毒力机制（Weiberg等。，2015； Zeng等，2019）。分析感染期间与植物AGO结合的sRNA的库是一种选择方法，以全面了解可能通过宿主AGO / RISC起作用的植物入侵性病原体sRNA。基于抗体的植物AGO / ...
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| Analysis of Gram-negative Bacteria Peptidoglycan by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography
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Author:
Date:
2020-10-05
[Abstract] Bacteria are surrounded by a protective peptidoglycan cell wall. Provided that this structure and the enzymes involved are the preferred target for our most successful antibiotics, determining its structural and chemical complexity is of the highest interest. Traditionally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses have been performed, but these methods are very time consuming in terms of sample preparation and chromatographic separation. Here we describe an optimized method for preparation of Gram-negative bacteria peptidoglycan and its subsequent analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The use of UPLC in peptidoglycan analyses provides a dramatic reduction of the sample volume and hands-on time required and, furthermore, permits in-line mass spectrometry ...
[摘要] [摘要]细菌被保护性肽聚糖细胞壁包围。如果这种结构和涉及的酶是我们最成功的抗生素的首选靶标，那么确定其结构和化学复杂性便是最重要的。传统上，已经进行了高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析，但是这些方法在样品制备和色谱分离方面非常耗时。在这里我们描述了一种优化的制备方法 革兰氏阴性细菌肽聚糖及其随后的超高效液相色谱（UPLC）分析。在肽聚糖分析中使用UPLC可以大大减少所需的样品量和动手时间，此外，还可以对U PLC解析的多肽进行在线质谱（MS），从而有助于对其进行鉴定。这种方法提高了我们执行高通量分析以更好地了解细胞壁生物学的能力。
[背景]细菌由肽聚糖（PG）的细胞壁所包围，除了到结构的作用，传达细胞形状和保护细菌免受外部损害，作为抗生物，化学屏障iCal和物理应力。murein囊或PG是细胞壁的主要成分。革兰氏阴性细菌在周质空间中呈现单层（Gan等，2008），而它构成了一个厚的网状结构，在革兰氏阳性细菌中具有多个堆积和交联的层（Pasquina-Lemonche等，2020）。Ť他细胞壁是交联的聚糖链的三维网状结构包围所述电池主体（Glauner等人，1988; Typas ...
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