| In vitro STING Activation with the cGAMP-STINGΔTM Signaling Complex
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Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract] Activating the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) signaling pathway via administration of STING agonist cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) has shown great promise in cancer immunotherapy. While state-of-the-art approaches have predominantly focused on the encapsulation of cGAMP into liposomes or polymersomes for cellular delivery, we discovered that the recombinant STING protein lacking the transmembrane domain (STINGΔTM) could be used as a functional carrier for cGAMP delivery and elicit type I IFN expression in STING-deficient cell lines. Using this approach, we generated anti-tumoral immunity in mouse melanoma and colon cancer models, providing a potential translatable platform for STING agonist-based immunotherapy. Here, we report the detailed in vitro STING activation ...
[摘要] [摘要]通过给予STING激动剂环状GMP-AMP(cGAMP)激活STING(干扰素基因的刺激物)信号通路已显示出在癌症免疫治疗中的广阔前景。尽管目前最先进的方法主要集中在将cGAMP封装进脂质体或聚合物小体中以进行细胞递送,但我们发现缺少跨膜结构域(STINGΔTM)的重组STING蛋白可以用作cGAMP递送的功能载体。在STING缺陷型细胞系中诱导I型IFN表达。使用这种方法,我们在小鼠黑素瘤和结肠癌模型中产生了抗肿瘤免疫力,为基于STING激动剂的免疫疗法提供了潜在的可翻译平台。在这里,我们报告与cGAMP-STINGΔTM复合物的详细体外STING激活方案,以帮助研究人员进一步开发这种方法。该协议还可以轻松扩展到与STING激活相关的其他应用程序,例如控制各种类型的感染。
[背景]在过去的二十年中,STING(干扰素基因的刺激物)信号传导途径已成为免疫系统的关键特征,并有望成为针对病毒和细菌感染,自身免疫性疾病和癌症的治疗靶标。因此,递送STING激动剂以增强免疫应答已经成为学术机构和制药公司的极大兴趣领域(Ohkuri等人,2017)。尽管现有的努力主要集中在开发合成运载工具上(Shae et ...
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| Expression and Purification of Recombinant Skd3 (Human ClpB) Protein and Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) Protease from Escherichia coli
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Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract] Skd3 (encoded by human CLPB) is a mitochondrial AAA+ protein comprised of an N-terminal ankyrin-repeat domain and a C-terminal HCLR-clade nucleotide-binding domain. The function of Skd3 has long remained unknown due to challenges in purifying the protein to high quality and near homogeneity. Recently we described Skd3 as a human mitochondrial protein disaggregase that solubilizes proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. This protocol overcomes the challenges associated with purifying Skd3 and allows for in depth in vitro study of Skd3 activity. Tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease is required in the purification of Skd3. Thus, we also describe how to purify high quality TEV protease for use in the purification of Skd3, other purification protocols, and in vitro assays requiring TEV ...
[摘要] [摘要] Skd3(由人类CLPB编码)是一种线粒体AAA +蛋白,由N末端锚蛋白重复域和C末端HCLR分支核苷酸结合域组成。由于在纯化蛋白质达到高质量和接近均质性方面的挑战,Skd3的功能长期未知。最近,我们描述Skd3作为人类线粒体蛋白disaggregase ,在线粒体膜间间隙增溶蛋白。该协议克服了与纯化Skd3相关的挑战,并允许对Skd3活性进行深入的体外研究。Skd3的纯化需要烟草蚀刻病毒(TEV)蛋白酶。因此,我们还描述了如何净化高质量TEV蛋白酶可用于纯化Skd3,其他纯化方案以及需要TEV蛋白酶的体外测定。
[背景] Skd3是一种线粒体AAA +蛋白,与多系统线粒体疾病VII型3-甲基谷氨酸酸尿症(MGCA7)有关(Capo-Chichi等人,2015; Kanabus等人,2015; Saunders等人,, 2015; Wortmann等人,2015 ; Kiykim等人,2016 )。由于在体外研究Skd3的能力有限,因此对生物学功能和这些突变对Skd3活性的影响的研究仍难以捉摸(Cupo和Shorter,2020; ...
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| Cleavable Affinity Purification (Cl-AP): A One-step Procedure to Affinity Purify Protein Complexes
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Author:
Date:
2020-11-20
[Abstract] Cleavable Affinity Purification (Cl-AP) uses a tripartite system of Protein-A-Streptavidin beads and nanobodies, coupled with a biotinylated, thiol-cleavable linker, providing one-step affinity purification from lysates of tissues expressing tagged proteins. This technique allows fluorescent versions of mitotic protein complexes to be isolated intact from cells, for use in biophysical and microscopy-based assays, overcoming the traditional limitations of reductionist approaches. We have used this technique successfully to purify both GFP-tagged and mCherry-tagged proteins, and their interacting partners, expressed in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Although we demonstrate the efficacy of the GFP-binding protein and RFP-binding protein nanobodies from Chromotek, in theory any antibody ...
[摘要] [摘要]裂解亲和纯化(Cl-AP)使用蛋白质A-链霉亲和素珠和纳米抗体的三方体系,再加上生物素化的,硫醇可裂解的接头,可从表达标记蛋白的组织裂解物中一步纯化。这项技术可以从细胞中完整分离出荧光形式的有丝分裂蛋白复合物,用于生物物理和基于显微镜的分析中,克服了还原论方法的传统局限性。我们已经成功地使用了该技术来纯化在果蝇中表达的GFP标记和mCherry标记的蛋白及其相互作用的伴侣。 胚胎。尽管我们证明了Chromotek的GFP结合蛋白和RFP结合蛋白纳米抗体的功效,但从理论上讲,任何抗体都可以偶联至磁珠并用作Cl-AP试剂。
[背景技术]许多蛋白质引起它们的细胞功能的多蛋白复合物的一部分。为了全面了解蛋白质复合物的作用,需要将体内方法(例如干扰蛋白质水平/活性或监测动态定位)与体外生化测定和功能重建结合起来。目前,这种整体方法受到严重限制。体外研究通常使用已在非自体系统(例如细菌和昆虫细胞)中单独表达和纯化的蛋白质,其中对于功能至关重要的折叠和翻译后修饰可能与原始细胞中发现的不同。相反,从细胞/组织中纯化特定蛋白质或复合物通常依赖于共免疫沉淀或纯化已引入细胞的目标蛋白质的标记版本,例如使用血凝素(HA),FLAG 3或串联亲和纯化(TAP)标记。这些体内方法存在两个主要问题:(i ...
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