| Multiplex T-cell Stimulation Assay Utilizing a T-cell Activation Reporter-based Detection System
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Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract] Immune tolerance and response are both largely driven by the interactions between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expressed by antigen presenting cells (APCs), T-cell receptors (TCRs) on T-cells, and their cognate antigens. Disordered interactions cause the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Therefore, the identification of antigenic epitopes of autoreactive T-cells leads to important advances in therapeutics and biomarkers. Next-generation sequencing methods allow for the rapid identification of thousands of TCR clonotypes from single T-cells, and thus there is a need to determine cognate antigens for identified TCRs. This protocol describes a reporter system of T-cell activation where the fluorescent reporter protein ZsGreen-1 is driven by nuclear ...
[摘要] [摘要] 免疫耐受和应答都很大程度上由抗原呈递细胞(APC)表达的主要组织相容性复合物(MHC),T细胞上的T细胞受体(TCR)及其同源抗原之间的相互作用驱动。相互作用障碍导致自身免疫性疾病(例如1型糖尿病)的发病机理。因此,鉴定自身反应性T细胞的抗原表位导致治疗和生物标志物的重要进展。下一代测序方法可从单个T细胞快速鉴定数千种TCR克隆型,因此需要确定已鉴定TCR的同源抗原。该协议描述了T细胞活化的报告系统,其中荧光报告蛋白ZsGreen-1由活化T细胞的核因子(NFAT)信号驱动并通过流式细胞仪读取。记者T细胞也组成性表达额外的一对荧光素tein作为识别物,允许同时多路复用多达8种不同的报告T细胞系,每种表达不同的目标TCR,可通过流式细胞仪区分。一旦制成TCR表达细胞系,仅需一个转导步骤即可将其无限期用于制备新的T细胞系。这种多路复用系统允许筛选TCR-抗原相互作用的数量,否则这些相互作用将是不切实际的,可在多种情况下使用(即,筛选单个抗原或抗原库),并可用于研究任何T细胞-MHC-抗原三分子相互作用。
[背景] T细胞,抗原呈递细胞(APC)及其同源抗原之间的相互作用是自身免疫性疾病(例如1型糖尿病)的主要事件(Michels等,2017; ...
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| A 3D Skin Melanoma Spheroid-Based Model to Assess Tumor-Immune Cell Interactions
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Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract] Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids have the potential to bridge the gap between two-dimensional (2D) monolayer tumor cell cultures and solid tumors with which they share a significant degree of similarity. However, the progression of solid tumors is often influenced by the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between tumor and immune cells. Here we present a 3D tumor spheroid-based model that might shed new light on understanding the mechanisms of tumor and immune cell interactions. The model first utilizes the hanging drop assay, which serves as one of the simplest methods for generating 3D spheroids and requires no specialized equipment. Next, pre-established spheroids can be co-cultured either directly or indirectly with an immune cell population of interest. Using skin melanoma, we ...
[摘要] [摘要]三维(3D)肿瘤球体具有弥合二维(2D)单层肿瘤细胞培养物与实体瘤之间的差距的潜力,它们之间有着显着的相似性。然而,实体瘤的进展通常受肿瘤与免疫细胞之间的动态相互作用和相互影响的影响。在这里,我们提出了一个基于3D肿瘤球体的模型,该模型可能会为了解肿瘤与免疫细胞相互作用的机制提供新的思路。的该模型首先利用了悬滴法,这是生成3D球体的最简单方法之一,不需要专门的设备。接下来,可以将预先建立的球体与目标免疫细胞群体直接或间接共培养。使用皮肤黑色素瘤,我们提供了该模型的详细说明,这可能对成功治疗策略的开发具有重要意义。
[背景]三维(3D)肿瘤球体是球形的自组装肿瘤细胞聚集体,类似于微转移瘤并复制实体瘤的许多特征。就像在无血管实体瘤的非增生区域一样,球体内部区域的肿瘤细胞通常表现出扰动的基因和蛋白质表达,新陈代谢改变,细胞周期停滞和坏死(Sant and Johnston ,2017)。但是,用于生成3D椭球体的大多数当前可用技术是耗时,困难和昂贵的。一种简单,快速,简便的生成3D球体的方法是使用悬滴法(Foty ...
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| A Method to Efficiently Cryopreserve Mammalian Cells on Paper Platforms
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-20
[Abstract] This protocol describes a simple method to cryopreserve mammalian cells within filter papers as an alternative to conventional slow-freezing approach. The method involves treating paper fibers with fibronectin, using low concentrations of the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and slow freezing cells to -80 °C at a 1 °C min-1 rate. In our method, the biocompatibility, large surface area, 3D porosity and fiber flexibility of the paper, in combination with the fibronectin treatment, yield recovery of cells comparable to conventional approaches, with no additional fine-tuning to freezing and thawing procedures. We expect that the paper-based cryopreservation method will bring several advantages to the field of preserving mammalian cells, including accommodation of a higher ...
[摘要] [摘要] 该协议描述了一种简单的方法,可在滤纸中冷冻保存哺乳动物细胞,以替代常规的慢速冷冻方法。该方法包括使用纤连蛋白处理纸纤维,使用低浓度的冷冻保护剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO),然后以1°C min -1的速率将细胞缓慢冷冻至-80°C 。在我们的方法中,纸的生物相容性,大表面积,3D孔隙率和纤维柔韧性与纤连蛋白处理相结合,可产生与传统方法相当的细胞回收率,而无需对冷冻和解冻程序进行额外的微调。我们期望纸质冷冻保存方法这将为保存哺乳动物细胞领域带来几项优势,包括在单位体积内容纳更多数量的细胞,并且释放后无细胞损失。该方法需要最小的存储空间,在该存储空间中,可以将具有大面积的纸平台卷起和/或折叠并存储在库存中,并允许按需方式有效地运输/分配细胞。此外,该方法的另一个特征包括细胞球体和3D细胞培养物的形成和冷冻保存。
[背景] 哺乳动物细胞的成功保存,长期保存,维护和分配是重要的研究领域,目前仍在深入的科学研究中。特别是,冷冻细胞的及时稳定供应与组织工程研究有关,例如细胞培养,药物开发和测试以及再生和生物治疗医学。
当前的常规细胞冷冻保存方案包括缓慢和快速的冷冻和玻璃化(Pegg,2002; Baust 等,2009)。在这些方法中,将各种浓度的冷冻保护剂添加到细胞悬浮液中,然后以低至1°C min -1 ...
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