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Author:
Date:
2021-04-20
[Abstract] Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls many crucial cellular functions, including protein synthesis, cell size, energy metabolism, lysosome and mitochondria biogenesis, and autophagy. Consequently, deregulation of mTOR signaling plays a role in numerous pathological conditions such as cancer, metabolic disorders and neurological diseases. Developing new tools to monitor mTOR spatiotemporal activation is crucial to better understand its roles in physiological and pathological conditions. However, the most widely used method to report mTOR activity relies on the quantification of specific mTOR-phosphorylated substrates by western blot. This approach requires cellular lysate preparation, which restricts the quantification to a single time point. Here, we present a simple protocol to ...
[摘要]
[摘要]雷帕霉素(mTOR的)控制许多重要的细胞功能的哺乳动物靶,包括蛋白合成,细胞大小,能量代谢,溶酶体和线粒体生物发生,和自体吞噬。因此,mTOR信号转导的失调在许多病理状况如癌症,代谢紊乱和神经系统疾病中起作用。开发新的工具来监控mTOR的时空激活关键的是要更好地了解它的作用小号在生理和病理条件。但是,最广泛使用的报告mTOR活性的方法取决于对特定mTOR的定量- 磷酸化底物由瓦特西部时代b很多。这种方法需要细胞裂解物的制备,这限制了量化到一个单一的时间点。在这里,我们提出了一个简单的协议来研究mTOR的在活细胞的活性在实时使用AIMTOR,一个分子内BRET基(b ioluminescence ř esonance Ë NERGY吨转让(BOT))的生物传感器,我们最近设计(Bouquier等人,2020) 。我们描述染的AIMTOR中的C2C12细胞系和程序,以监控BRET在用酶标仪细胞群和单细胞显微镜。重要的是,该协议可转座至任何细胞系和原代细胞。另外,已经开发了几种亚细胞区室特异性的AIMTOR版本,使得能够对mTOR活性进行区室化评估。本协议描述了如何使用的敏感AIMTOR生物传感器研究mTOR信号动力学在活细胞中。
图形摘要:
从播种细胞到实时BRET记录的AIMTOR协议概述 ...
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-20
[Abstract] G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most structurally diverse family of signaling proteins and regulate a variety of cell function. For most GPCRs, the cell surface is their functional destination where they are able to respond a wide range of extracellular stimuli, leading to the activation of intracellular signal transduction cascades. Thus, the quantity of receptor expression at the cell surface is a crucial factor regulating the functionality of the receptors. Over the past decades, many methods have been developed to measure the cell surface expression of GPCRs. Here, we describe an intact live-cell radioligand binding assay to quantify the surface expression of GPCRs at the endogenous levels or after overexpression. In this assay, cell cultures will be incubated with ...
[摘要] [摘要] G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)是信号蛋白中结构最多样化的家族,可调节多种细胞功能。对于大多数GPCR,细胞表面是它们的功能目的地,能够响应广泛的细胞外刺激,从而激活细胞内信号转导级联反应。因此,受体在细胞表面的表达量是调节受体功能的关键因素。在过去的几十年中,已开发出许多方法来测量GPCR的细胞表面表达。在这里,我们描述了完整的活细胞放射性配体结合测定法,以量化内源水平或过表达后GPCR的表面表达。在该测定中,将细胞培养物与特定的细胞不可渗透的放射性配体温育,所述放射性不可配体选择性地和化学计量地结合至各个GPCR,并且通过受体结合的配体的放射性来定量细胞表面的受体数量。 此方法对于测量完整活细胞表面的功能性GPCR具有高度特异性,对于内源性,低丰度的GPCR特别有用。
[背景 ] G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)构成细胞表面受体的最大超家族,并在生理和病理条件下调节多种细胞功能(Hauser 等人,2017; Hilger 等人,2018; Weinberg和Puthenveedu,2019) ...
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