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Company: Millipore Sigma
Catalog#: G6152
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Bacterial Conjugation Protocol for Ruminant Mycoplasmas
Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract]  

In Mycoplasma agalactiae, two simultaneous processes of DNA transfer have been described that require direct cell-to-cell contact and are similar to conjugation. One involves the self-transmission of an integrative conjugative element (ICE) while the second concerns the horizontal transfer of large and small fragments of chromosomal DNA. Here, we describe an optimized conjugation protocol for the horizontal transfer of ICE or chromosomal DNA carrying antibiotic resistance markers (i.e., tetracycline, gentamicin, puromycin) from donor to recipient mycoplasma cells. Calculation of the conjugation frequencies, selection and characterization of transconjugants are detailed. This protocol has been developed with M. agalactiae but has been successfully used for M. bovis and can be adapted to

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[摘要]  [摘要]在无乳支原体中,已经描述了DNA转移的两个同时过程,它们需要直接的细胞间接触,并且类似于缀合。一种涉及整合共轭元件(ICE)的自我传递,而第二种涉及染色体DNA大小片段的水平转移。在这里,我们描述了一种优化的结合方案,用于从供体到受体支原体细胞水平转移带有抗生素抗性标记(即四环素,庆大霉素,嘌呤霉素)的ICE或染色体DNA 。详细介绍了共轭频率的计算,跨共轭物的选择和表征。该协议已与无乳分枝杆菌一起开发但已成功用于牛分枝杆菌,并可适应其他相关支原体物种。


[背景]共轭的,水平的DNA转移是微生物多样化的关键角色。通过促进细胞与细胞之间的紧密接触主动转移DNA (Lederberg和Tatum,1946),这种现象促进了从外部资源快速获取新性状。支原体(类柔膜)是无壁菌,其进化已经被认为是由基因损失仅减小驱动的基因组,并且其中水平基因转移(HGT )被长期被认为是边缘。在过去的十年中,比较基因组学分析重新审视了这种范例,并显示出(i)在共享同一宿主的支原体物种之间发生了HGTs事件(Sirand-Pugnet et al。,2007),以及(ii)整合和共轭的存在元件(ICE中)中的大量测序支原体基因组(Calcutt等人,2002; Marenda等人,2006; Dordet-弗里索尼等人,2013;拖期等人,2015; Meygret ...

Integration of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPSC)-Derived Neurons into Rat Brain
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  Human neuron transplantation offers novel opportunities for modeling human neurologic diseases and potentially replacement therapies. However, the complex structure of the human cerebral cortex, which is organized in six layers with tightly interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neuronal networks, presents significant challenges for in vivo transplantation techniques to obtain a balanced, functional and homeostatically stable neuronal network. Here, we present a protocol to introduce human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural progenitors to rat brains. Using this approach, hiPSC-derived neurons structurally integrate into the rat forebrain, exhibit electrophysiological characteristics, including firing, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity, and establish ... [摘要]  [摘要] 人类神经元移植为建模人类神经系统疾病和潜在的替代疗法提供了新的机会。然而,人脑皮层的复杂结构分为六层,具有紧密互连的兴奋性和抑制性神经元网络,这对体内移植技术获得平衡,功能稳定和稳态稳定的神经元网络提出了重大挑战。在这里,我们提出了一项协议,将人类诱导的多能干细胞(hiPSC )衍生的神经祖细胞引入大鼠脑。使用这种方法,hiPSC 衍生的神经元在结构上整合到大鼠前脑中,表现出电生理特性,包括放电,兴奋性和抑制性突触活性,并与宿主电路建立神经元连通性。


[背景] 人类大脑皮层是一个复杂的细胞镶嵌体,在不同的皮质层(I-VI)中包含多样化的神经元亚型,可建立轴突输出和树突状输入的特定模式,提供了皮质电路的基本底物(Rakic,2009; Lodato 等等人,2011; Lui 等人,2011)。特别地,兴奋性和抑制性神经传递的平衡对于适当的脑功能是必需的(Turrigiano和Nelson,2004)。人类诱导的多能干细胞(hiPSC )可以在人类遗传背景下对人类神经系统疾病进行建模(Dolmetsch和Geschwind,2011; Brennand 等,2015; Vera和Studer,2015)。建立体外系统以将hiPSCs ...

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