| Quantitative Kinetic Analyses of Histone Turnover Using Imaging and Flow Cytometry
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract] Dynamic histone changes occur as a central part of chromatin regulation. Deposition of histone variants and post-translational modifications of histones are strongly associated with properties of chromatin status. Characterizing the kinetics of histone variants allows important insights into transcription regulation, chromatin maintenance and other chromatin properties. Here we provide a protocol of quantitative and sensitive approaches to test the timing of incorporation and dissociation of histones using a two-color SNAP-labeling system, labelling pre-existing and newly-incorporated histones distinctly. Together with cell cycle synchronization methods and cell cycle markers, this approach enables a pulse-chase analysis to determine the turnover of histone variants during the cell cycle, ...
[摘要] [摘要] 动态的组蛋白变化是染色质调节的核心部分。组蛋白变体的沉积和组蛋白的翻译后修饰与染色质状态的属性密切相关。表征组蛋白变体的动力学特性可为深入了解转录调控,染色质维持和其他染色质特性提供重要信息。在这里,我们提供了一种定量和敏感方法的协议,以使用双色SNAP标记系统测试组蛋白的结合和解离时间,分别标记预先存在的和新结合的组蛋白。结合细胞周期同步方法和细胞周期标志物,这种方法可以进行脉冲追踪分析,以确定在细胞周期内使用成像或流式细胞仪方法以单细胞分辨率检测到的组蛋白变体的周转率。除了测试整体组蛋白更新,还可以使用成像方法解决组蛋白变体的细胞周期依赖性细胞定位。
[背景] 染色质重塑是真核细胞众多基本细胞活动的一部分(Geiman 和Robertson,2002;Clapier 和Cairns ,2009)。转录因子和RNA聚合酶的可及性通常与DNA甲基化和染色质状态的变化相关,包括可及性,翻译后的组蛋白修饰和组蛋白变体的沉积。组蛋白变体差异性地调节调节发育,细胞分化或其他生理活动的基因表达(Banaszynski 等,2010)。它们在DNA修复,端粒维护,异染色质形成和染色质分离中也发挥着不同的作用(Henikoff 和Smith,2015; Zink和Hake,2016)。此外,组蛋白变体的掺入失调与癌症有关(Vardabasso et ...
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| Identification of Socially-activated Neurons
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract] Determining the neuronal circuitry responsible for specific behaviors is a major focus in the field of neurobiology. Activity-dependent immediate early genes (IEGs), transcribed and translated shortly after neurons discharge action potentials, have been used extensively to either identify or gain genetic access to neurons and brain regions involved in such behaviors. By using immunohistochemistry for the protein product of the IEG c-Fos combined with retrograde labeling of specific neuronal populations, precise experimental timing, and identical data acquisition and processing, we present a method to quantitatively identify specific neuronal subpopulations that were active during social encounters. We have previously used this method to show a stronger recruitment of ventral hippocampal ...
[摘要] [摘要] 确定负责特定行为的神经元回路是神经生物学领域的主要重点。在神经元释放动作电位后不久就转录和翻译的依赖活动的立即早期基因(IEG)已被广泛用于识别或获得涉及此类行为的神经元和大脑区域的遗传途径。通过对IEG c- Fos 的蛋白质产物使用免疫组织化学,结合特定神经元群体的逆向标记,精确的实验时间,相同的数据采集和处理 ng,我们提出了一种方法,可以定量地识别在社交活动中活跃的特定神经元亚群。与社交活动后投射到下丘脑外侧的神经海马神经元相比,我们以前曾使用这种方法显示出投射到内侧前额叶皮层的腹侧海马神经元更强的募集。在优化用于逆行示踪剂注射的手术后,该方法将有助于识别和定位参与许多不同行为的神经元群体。
[背景] 神经生物学领域的基本目标是确定大脑如何处理感觉输入并产生行为输出命令。在过去的二十年中,某些大脑区域已成为控制特定行为的典范实例,例如海马体用于位置记忆(Bird和Burgess,2008年)。最近的工作开始以可以推广到多种行为的方式来解析这些区域的特定功能(Aronov 等人,2017),并确定在由远程神经元连接的给定行为中多个大脑区域的作用投影( ...
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