| Measuring Extracellular Proton and Anionic Fluxes in Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes
|
|
Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract] The ion-selective vibrating probe has been used to detect and quantify the magnitude and direction of transmembrane fluxes of several ions in a wide range of biological systems. Inherently non-invasive, vibrating probes have been essential to access relevant electrophysiological parameters related to apical growth and morphogenesis in pollen tubes, a highly specialized cell where spatiotemporal tuning of ion dynamics is fundamental. Of relevance, crucial processes to the cell physiology of pollen tubes associated with protons and anions have been elucidated using vibrating probes, allowing the identification of diverse molecular players underlying and regulating their extracellular fluxes. The use of Arabidopsis thaliana as a genetic model system posed new challenges given their ...
[摘要] [摘要]离子选择性振动探针已被用于检测和量化各种生物系统中几种离子的跨膜通量的大小和方向。固有Ñ上侵入性,振动探针已经必需访问有关在花粉管,与心尖生长和形态发生电生理参数高度专业化的细胞,其中离子动力学的时空调谐是根本。与此相关的是,已使用振动探针阐明了与质子和阴离子相关的花粉管细胞生理学的关键过程。 ,可以识别潜在分子并调节其细胞外通量。利用拟南芥作为遗传模型系统所带来的相对赋予了新的挑战LY尺寸小,不易操纵体外。在这里,我们描述了协议优化,该优化使在拟南芥花粉管中使用离子选择性振动探针成为可能,从而确保了一致且可重复的数据。Q这样的定量的方法启用表征离子转运蛋白的突变体表现型,这是不被明显形态学和生殖缺陷直接可检测的,提供了有价值的见解分子和细胞机制。可以将此处详述的用于量化细胞外质子和阴离子通量的方案调整为其他系统和物种,同时将样品制备方法应用于相关技术,从而促进对花粉管生长和发育的研究。
[背景]生物电和离子交换的对活体细胞的相关性是毋庸置疑的,具有一个功能影响的范围内的现象,从图案形成,信令和发展癌症和其他疾病(莱,2014)。多样的技术可以被用于检测动作电位,电场,胞外电流,和离子通量。然而,它们的功能评估在体内需要小号的非侵入性的方法。理想情况下,任何感兴趣的生物系统都应在尽可能少的干扰下和最生理的条件下进行研究。这些标准是由非侵入性的离子选择性振动探头,它已被用于在很宽的测量多个跨膜离子通量达到各种实验系统,包括果蝇(布朗和O'Donnell的,2016),斑马鱼(GUH的等。,2016),小鼠皮肤(孙等人,2015年),根(他等人,2015年),水蚤(Stensberg等,2014),C.线虫(Adlimoghaddam等,2014),等等。在花粉管中,使用离子选择性振动探针定量测量细胞外离子通量对于确定主要离子(尤其是Ca ...
|
|
|
| Advances in Proximity Ligation in situ Hybridization (PLISH)
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-11-05
[Abstract] Understanding tissues in the context of development, maintenance and disease requires determining the molecular profiles of individual cells within their native in vivo spatial context. We developed a Proximity Ligation in situ Hybridization technology (PLISH) that enables quantitative measurement of single cell gene expression in intact tissues, which we have now updated. By recording spatial information for every profiled cell, PLISH enables retrospective mapping of distinct cell classes and inference of their in vivo interactions. PLISH has high sensitivity, specificity and signal to noise ratio. It is also rapid, scalable, and does not require expertise in molecular biology so it can be easily adopted by basic and clinical researchers.
[摘要] [摘要]在发育,维持和疾病的背景下了解组织需要确定单个细胞在其天然体内空间范围内的分子谱。我们开发了一种邻近连接原位杂交技术(PLISH),该技术能够定量测量完整组织中单细胞基因的表达,现已更新。通过记录每个分析细胞的空间信息,PLISH可以回顾性绘制不同细胞类别并推断其体内 互动。PLISH具有很高的灵敏度,特异性和信噪比。它也快速,可扩展,并且不需要分子生物学方面的专门知识,因此基础和临床研究人员可以轻松地采用它。
[背景技术]我们最近开发了一种复用原位称为PLISH(邻位连接杂交技术原位杂交)(Nagendran等人,2018)。PLISH与其他现有的空间转录组学技术不同,因为它结合了高性能,快速多路复用,低成本和技术简单性(Wilbrey -Clark等人,2020年)。可以通过自动计算完整的冷冻或石蜡包埋组织中单细胞表达图谱来分析PLISH结果,它与同时进行的免疫染色兼容。
...
|
|
|
| Quantitative Kinetic Analyses of Histone Turnover Using Imaging and Flow Cytometry
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract] Dynamic histone changes occur as a central part of chromatin regulation. Deposition of histone variants and post-translational modifications of histones are strongly associated with properties of chromatin status. Characterizing the kinetics of histone variants allows important insights into transcription regulation, chromatin maintenance and other chromatin properties. Here we provide a protocol of quantitative and sensitive approaches to test the timing of incorporation and dissociation of histones using a two-color SNAP-labeling system, labelling pre-existing and newly-incorporated histones distinctly. Together with cell cycle synchronization methods and cell cycle markers, this approach enables a pulse-chase analysis to determine the turnover of histone variants during the cell cycle, ...
[摘要] [摘要] 动态的组蛋白变化是染色质调节的核心部分。组蛋白变体的沉积和组蛋白的翻译后修饰与染色质状态的属性密切相关。表征组蛋白变体的动力学特性可为深入了解转录调控,染色质维持和其他染色质特性提供重要信息。在这里,我们提供了一种定量和敏感方法的协议,以使用双色SNAP标记系统测试组蛋白的结合和解离时间,分别标记预先存在的和新结合的组蛋白。结合细胞周期同步方法和细胞周期标志物,这种方法可以进行脉冲追踪分析,以确定在细胞周期内使用成像或流式细胞仪方法以单细胞分辨率检测到的组蛋白变体的周转率。除了测试整体组蛋白更新,还可以使用成像方法解决组蛋白变体的细胞周期依赖性细胞定位。
[背景] 染色质重塑是真核细胞众多基本细胞活动的一部分(Geiman 和Robertson,2002;Clapier 和Cairns ,2009)。转录因子和RNA聚合酶的可及性通常与DNA甲基化和染色质状态的变化相关,包括可及性,翻译后的组蛋白修饰和组蛋白变体的沉积。组蛋白变体差异性地调节调节发育,细胞分化或其他生理活动的基因表达(Banaszynski 等,2010)。它们在DNA修复,端粒维护,异染色质形成和染色质分离中也发挥着不同的作用(Henikoff 和Smith,2015; Zink和Hake,2016)。此外,组蛋白变体的掺入失调与癌症有关(Vardabasso et ...
|
|
|