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MgCl2

Company: Sigma
Catalog#: M8266
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Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of the Elite–Indica Rice Variety Komboka
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  Genetic transformation is crucial for both investigating gene functions and for engineering of crops to introduce new traits. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important model in plant research, since it is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population. As a result, numerous transformation methods have been developed for both indica and japonica rice. Since breeders continuously develop new rice varieties, transformation protocols have to be adapted for each new variety. Here we provide an optimized transformation protocol with detailed tips and tricks for a new African variety Komboka using immature embryos. In Komboka, we obtained an apparent transformation rate of up to 48% for GUS/GFP reporter gene constructs using this optimized protocol. This ... [摘要]  
[摘要 ] 遗传转化对于研究基因功能和农作物工程引入新性状均至关重要。水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是植物研究中的重要模型,因为它是世界一半以上人口的主食。其结果是,大量的转化方法已经开发了两个籼稻和粳稻米。由于育种者不断开发新的水稻品种,因此必须针对每个新品种适应转化方案。在这里,我们为使用未成熟胚的非洲新品种Komboka 提供了一种优化的转化协议,包括详细的技巧和窍门。在Komboka中,我们使用此优化方案对GUS / GFP报告基因构建体的表观转化率高达48%。该协议也适用于其他优质lite 稻品种。


[背景 ] 为植物的遗传转化的各种方法公顷一直在开发,例如穿孔(Shimamoto PEG介导的原生质体转染。等人,1989;达塔。等人,1992),生物射弹转化(Christou的等人,1991)和农杆菌-介导的转化(Slamet-Loedin 等,2014)。农杆菌介导的转化是将DNA引入植物的最广泛使用的方法之一(van Wordragen and Dons,1992)。该方法已被广泛用于研究,并已成为生物技术的关键先决条件。自从开发新的育种技术(如基因组编辑)以来,它就变得越来越重要(Char ...

In-vitro GLP-1 Release Assay Using STC-1 Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-08-20
[Abstract]   Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are known chemosensors in the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium. They release a diversity of gut hormones in response to various stimuli. Here, we report an in-vitro assay to measure GLP-1 release from cultured murine EEC’s under fatty acid stimulation. [摘要]  [摘要] 肠内分泌细胞(EEC)是胃肠道(GI)上皮中的已知化学传感器。它们响应各种刺激而释放多种肠激素。在这里,我们报告了一种体外测定法,以测量在脂肪酸刺激下培养的鼠EEC中GLP-1的释放。

[背景] 肠上皮是人体与环境之间最大的界面。该界面由单个上皮层组成,包含多个具有独特功能角色的不同细胞类型。与LGR5阳性上皮干细胞不同,肠内分泌细胞(EEC)沿整个胃肠道散布在整个上皮中。EEC通过产生和分泌多种激素,在对营养和其他刺激的反应中起关键作用。传统上,这些细胞是按照荷尔蒙特征来分类的(Nausheen 等人,2013; Latorre 等人,2016; Verhoeckx 等人,2015a),尽管随着单细胞RNA测序的到来,我们逐渐意识到这些细胞中的大多数分泌多种激素(Haber 等人,2017; Billing 等人,2019)。EEC的亚型L细胞由胰高血糖素样肽1和2(GLP-1和GLP-2)的产生定义,也可能分泌YY肽(PYY)和胰岛素样肽5(INSL5) 。大多数L细胞见于回肠末端和结肠,而另一些也见于十二指肠和空肠近端。L细胞表面的受体使它们能够直接感知管腔成分并产生适当的激素反应。L细胞上最显着的营养成分和食物成分受体是经典的味觉受体,游离脂肪酸受体以及蛋白质及其产物的受体(Drucker 和Nauck ,2006年;Furness ...

A Detailed and Radioisotope-free Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA)
Author:
Date:
2020-08-20
[Abstract]  To comprehensively characterize the functions of a transcription factor (TF), it is required to analyze the interaction of this TF with its targeted loci. Several methods such as β-glucuronidase (GUS) or luciferase reporter, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays have been developed. Of these, EMSA is an in vitro method which can prove the direct interaction between TF and targeted DNA fragment. In the present protocol, DNA probes are labeled with Biotin. Therefore, it is safer for researchers when they do not need to use radioisotope-labeled probes. In addition, this protocol is to provide a detailed procedure for a successful EMSA assay. The interested recombinant protein can be mixed with ... [摘要]  [摘要] 为了全面表征转录因子(TF)的功能,需要分析该TF与目标基因座的相互作用。已经开发了几种方法,例如β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(GUS)或荧光素酶报道基因,酵母单杂交(Y1H),染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP )和电泳迁移率变动分析(EMSA)分析。其中,EMSA是体外的 可以证明TF与目标DNA片段之间直接相互作用的方法。在本协议中,DNA探针用生物素标记。因此,当研究人员不需要使用放射性同位素标记的探针时,它更安全。此外,该协议还将为成功的EMSA分析提供详细的程序。可以将感兴趣的重组蛋白与靶向DNA探针混合,以在室温(25°C)下进行结合反应。之后,反应混合物可以在天然聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中运行,并转移到带正电的尼龙膜上。最后,可以通过生物素-链霉亲和素化学发光检测结果并可视化。

[背景 ] EMSA是检测蛋白(之间的直接相互作用的有效方法例如,转录因子)和DNA片段(陈,2011)。通常,与蛋白质结合的DNA探针的移动速度比凝胶中的游离DNA探针的移动速度慢。可以观察到这种蛋白质-DNA复合物的移动带移位,而游离DNA探针向凝胶底部的移动速度更快。基于此特征,可以用放射性同位素[ 例如Phosphorus-32(32 ...

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