| Characterize the Interaction of the DNA Helicase PriA with the Stalled DNA Replication Fork Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Author:
Date:
2021-03-05
[Abstract] In bacteria, the restart of stalled DNA replication forks requires the DNA helicase PriA. PriA can recognize and remodel abandoned DNA replication forks, unwind DNA in the 3'-to-5' direction, and facilitate the loading of the helicase DnaB onto the DNA to restart replication. ssDNA-binding protein (SSB) is typically present at the abandoned forks, protecting the ssDNA from nucleases. Research that is based on the assays for junction dissociation, surface plasmon resonance, single-molecule FRET, and x-ray crystal structure has revealed the helicase activity of PriA, the SSB-PriA interaction, and structural information of PriA helicase. Here, we used Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to visualize the interaction between PriA and DNA substrates with or without SSB in the absence of ATP to ...
[摘要] [摘要]在细菌中,停滞的DNA复制叉的重新启动需要DN A解旋酶PriA 。PriA可以识别并重塑废弃的DNA复制叉,在3'到5'方向展开DNA,并促进解旋酶DnaB加载到DNA上以重新开始复制。ssDNA结合蛋白(SSB)通常存在于废弃的叉子上,从而保护ssDNA免受核酸酶的破坏。该研究是基于所述测定法离解结,表面等离振子共振,单分子FRET,和x射线晶体结构已经揭示的解旋酶活性PRIA ,SSB- PriA相互作用以及PriA解旋酶的结构信息。在这里,我们使用原子力显微镜(AFM)可视化了在不存在ATP的情况下在有或没有SSB的情况下PriA和带有或不带有SSB的DNA底物之间的相互作用,以描绘PriA在其ATP催化的DNA解链反应之前的底物识别模式。该协议描述了获取高分辨率AFM图像的步骤以及数据分析和表示的细节。
[背景]当DNA复制遇到障碍或断裂时,需要对其进行修复并随后重新启动(Kogoma,1997; Cox等,2000; McGlynn和Lloyd,2002;G abbai和Marians,2010; Michel等,2018)。 )。在细菌中,DNA解旋酶PRIA通过识别废弃DNA复制叉,从而便于重新组装的介导这一过程复制体的解旋酶和装载DNAB (Wickner和赫维茨,1975; Zavitz和Marians,1992; ...
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| Bacterial Conjugation Protocol for Ruminant Mycoplasmas
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Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract] In Mycoplasma agalactiae, two simultaneous processes of DNA transfer have been described that require direct cell-to-cell contact and are similar to conjugation. One involves the self-transmission of an integrative conjugative element (ICE) while the second concerns the horizontal transfer of large and small fragments of chromosomal DNA. Here, we describe an optimized conjugation protocol for the horizontal transfer of ICE or chromosomal DNA carrying antibiotic resistance markers (i.e., tetracycline, gentamicin, puromycin) from donor to recipient mycoplasma cells. Calculation of the conjugation frequencies, selection and characterization of transconjugants are detailed. This protocol has been developed with M. agalactiae but has been successfully used for M. bovis and can be adapted to ...
[摘要] [摘要]在无乳支原体中,已经描述了DNA转移的两个同时过程,它们需要直接的细胞间接触,并且类似于缀合。一种涉及整合共轭元件(ICE)的自我传递,而第二种涉及染色体DNA大小片段的水平转移。在这里,我们描述了一种优化的结合方案,用于从供体到受体支原体细胞水平转移带有抗生素抗性标记(即四环素,庆大霉素,嘌呤霉素)的ICE或染色体DNA 。详细介绍了共轭频率的计算,跨共轭物的选择和表征。该协议已与无乳分枝杆菌一起开发但已成功用于牛分枝杆菌,并可适应其他相关支原体物种。
[背景]共轭的,水平的DNA转移是微生物多样化的关键角色。通过促进细胞与细胞之间的紧密接触主动转移DNA (Lederberg和Tatum,1946),这种现象促进了从外部资源快速获取新性状。支原体(类柔膜)是无壁菌,其进化已经被认为是由基因损失仅减小驱动的基因组,并且其中水平基因转移(HGT )被长期被认为是边缘。在过去的十年中,比较基因组学分析重新审视了这种范例,并显示出(i)在共享同一宿主的支原体物种之间发生了HGTs事件(Sirand-Pugnet et al。,2007),以及(ii)整合和共轭的存在元件(ICE中)中的大量测序支原体基因组(Calcutt等人,2002; Marenda等人,2006; Dordet-弗里索尼等人,2013;拖期等人,2015; Meygret ...
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| A Method for User-defined Mutagenesis by Integrating Oligo Pool Synthesis Technology with Nicking Mutagenesis
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Author:
Date:
2020-08-05
[Abstract] Saturation mutagenesis is a fundamental enabling technology for protein engineering and epitope mapping. Nicking mutagenesis (NM) allows the user to rapidly construct libraries of all possible single mutations in a target protein sequence from plasmid DNA in a one-pot procedure. Briefly, one strand of the plasmid DNA is degraded using a nicking restriction endonuclease and exonuclease treatment. Mutagenic primers encoding the desired mutations are annealed to the resulting circular single-stranded DNA, extended with high-fidelity polymerase, and ligated into covalently closed circular DNA by Taq DNA ligase. The heteroduplex DNA is resolved by selective degradation of the template strand. The complementary strand is synthesized and ligated, resulting in a library of mutated ...
[摘要] [摘要] 饱和突变是蛋白质工程和表位定位的基础技术。缺口突变(NM)允许用户在一锅程序中快速构建目标蛋白序列中所有可能的单一突变的文库。简言之,质粒DNA的一条链被切痕限制性内切酶和核酸外切酶处理降解。编码所需突变的突变引物退火成环状单链DNA,用高保真聚合酶延伸,并通过taqdna连接酶连接成共价闭合的环状DNA。通过选择性降解模板链来分解异源双链DNA。合成并连接互补链,形成一个共价闭合的环状质粒库。后来的研究表明,由于该过程中使用的引物很少,因此通常在使用前需要扩增的再悬浮寡聚物池可以直接用于诱变过程。因为寡聚体可以包含数以万计的独特寡聚体,这使得在一个单罐突变反应中能够构建数以万计用户定义突变的库,这显著提高了NM的效用,如下所述。
寡聚物的使用为诱变实验提供了一种经济上有利的方法。首先,寡核苷酸池合成比传统合成便宜得多。第二,可以产生一个混合池,用于多个不同基因的诱变。为了使用同一个寡聚体进行多种基因的诱变,使用者只需量化特定于其诱变实验的寡聚体部分,并调整寡聚体的体积和有效浓度,以用于缺口突变。
[背景] 蛋白质功能序列相关性的评价对于蛋白质科学的应用和基础研究具有重要意义。近年来,深度突变扫描(DMS)已经上升到基于蛋白质的研究的前沿(Fowler and ...
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