| Dual sgRNA-based Targeted Deletion of Large Genomic Regions and Isolation of Heritable Cas9-free Mutants in Arabidopsis
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Author:
Date:
2020-10-20
[Abstract] CRISPR/Cas9 system directed by a gene-specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) is an effective tool for genome editing such as deletions of few bases in coding genes. However, targeted deletion of larger regions generate loss-of-function alleles that offer a straightforward starting point for functional dissections of genomic loci. We present an easy-to-use strategy including a fast cloning dual-sgRNA vector linked to efficient isolation of heritable Cas9-free genomic deletions to rapidly and cost-effectively generate a targeted heritable genome deletion. This step-by-step protocol includes gRNA design, cloning strategy and mutation detection for Arabidopsis and may be adapted for other plant species.
[摘要] [摘要] CRISPR/Cas9由基因特异性单导RNA（sgRNA）引导的系统是一种有效的基因组编辑工具，如编码基因中少部分碱基的删除。然而，大区域的靶向缺失产生功能缺失等位基因，这为基因组基因座的功能解剖提供了一个直接的起点。我们提出了一个简单易用的策略，包括一个快速克隆双sgRNA载体，有效分离可遗传的Cas9游离基因组缺失，以快速且经济有效地产生靶向遗传基因组缺失。该方法包括拟南芥的gRNA设计、克隆策略和突变检测，可适用于其他植物。
[背景] ...
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| An in vitro DNA Sensor-based Assay to Measure Receptor-specific Adhesion Forces of Eukaryotic Cells and Pathogens
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract] Motility of eukaryotic cells or pathogens within tissues is mediated by the turnover of specific interactions with other cells or with the extracellular matrix. Biophysical characterization of these ligand-receptor adhesions helps to unravel the molecular mechanisms driving migration. Traction force microscopy or optical tweezers are typically used to measure the cellular forces exerted by cells on a substrate. However, the spatial resolution of traction force microscopy is limited to ~2 µm and performing experiments with optical traps is very time-consuming.
Here we present the production of biomimetic surfaces that enable specific cell adhesion via synthetic ligands and at the same time monitor the transmitted forces by using molecular tension sensors. The ligands were ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 组织内真核细胞或病原体的运动性是通过与其他细胞或细胞外基质特异性相互作用的转换来介导的。这些配体-受体粘附的生物物理特征有助于揭示驱动迁移的分子机制。牵引力显微镜或光学镊子通常用于测量细胞在基质上施加的细胞力。但是，牵引力显微镜的空间分辨率仅限于〜2 µm，使用光阱进行实验非常耗时。
在这里，我们介绍了仿生表面的生产，该表面能够通过合成配体实现特定的细胞粘附，同时通过使用分子张力传感器监控传递的力。将配体与双链DNA探针偶联，该探针具有确定的DNA解链力阈值。从而将pN范围内的受体介导力半定量转换为荧光信号，可以通过标准荧光显微镜在分辨率极限（〜0.2 µm）上检测到。
该测定的模块化设计允许改变所呈现的配体和DNA探针的机械强度，这为探测不同的真核细胞类型和病原体的粘附提供了多种可能性，此处以骨肉瘤细胞和伯氏疟原虫子孢子体为例。
[背景 ] 运动细胞和病原体以多种不同方式与环境相互作用（Parsons 等，2010； Nan ，2017； Muthinja 等，2018 ）。例如，跨膜受体将单个细胞锚定在其环境中，并使其与其他细胞相互作用（Hynes ，1992）。整联蛋白是将细胞连接到细胞外基质的主要受体，它以双向方式传递力（Schoen et ...
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| Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of the Elite–Indica Rice Variety Komboka
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Author:
Van T. Luu, Melissa Stiebner, Paula Emmerich Maldonado, Sandra Valdés, Didier Marín, Gerardo Delgado, Virginia Laluz, Lin-Bo Wu, Paul Chavarriaga, Joe Tohme, Inez H. Slamet-Loedin and Wolf B. Frommer,
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract] Genetic transformation is crucial for both investigating gene functions and for engineering of crops to introduce new traits. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important model in plant research, since it is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population. As a result, numerous transformation methods have been developed for both indica and japonica rice. Since breeders continuously develop new rice varieties, transformation protocols have to be adapted for each new variety. Here we provide an optimized transformation protocol with detailed tips and tricks for a new African variety Komboka using immature embryos. In Komboka, we obtained an apparent transformation rate of up to 48% for GUS/GFP reporter gene constructs using this optimized protocol. This ...
[摘要]
[摘要 ] 遗传转化对于研究基因功能和农作物工程引入新性状均至关重要。水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是植物研究中的重要模型，因为它是世界一半以上人口的主食。其结果是，大量的转化方法已经开发了两个籼稻和粳稻米。由于育种者不断开发新的水稻品种，因此必须针对每个新品种适应转化方案。在这里，我们为使用未成熟胚的非洲新品种Komboka 提供了一种优化的转化协议，包括详细的技巧和窍门。在Komboka中，我们使用此优化方案对GUS / GFP报告基因构建体的表观转化率高达48％。该协议也适用于其他优质lite 稻品种。
[背景 ] 为植物的遗传转化的各种方法公顷一直在开发，例如穿孔（Shimamoto PEG介导的原生质体转染。等人，1989;达塔。等人，1992），生物射弹转化（Christou的等人，1991）和农杆菌-介导的转化（Slamet-Loedin 等，2014）。农杆菌介导的转化是将DNA引入植物的最广泛使用的方法之一（van Wordragen and Dons，1992）。该方法已被广泛用于研究，并已成为生物技术的关键先决条件。自从开发新的育种技术（如基因组编辑）以来，它就变得越来越重要（Char ...
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