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Formaldehyde 37% v/v

Company: Merck
Catalog#: 252549
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Dissecting the Rat Mammary Gland: Isolation, Characterization, and Culture of Purified Mammary Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts
Author:
Date:
2020-11-20
[Abstract]  

With the advent of CRISPR-Cas and the ability to easily modify the genome of diverse organisms, rat models are being increasingly developed to interrogate the genetic events underlying mammary development and tumorigenesis. Protocols for the isolation and characterization of mammary epithelial cell subpopulations have been thoroughly developed for mouse and human tissues, yet there is an increasing need for rat-specific protocols. To date, there are no standard protocols for isolating rat mammary epithelial subpopulations. Analyzing changes in the rat mammary hierarchy will help us elucidate the molecular events in breast cancer, the cells of origin for breast cancer subtypes, and the impact of the tumor microenvironment. Here we describe several methods developed for 1) rat mammary

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[摘要]  [摘要]随着CRISPR-Cas的出现以及能够轻松修饰各种生物的基因组的能力,越来越多地开发大鼠模型来询问乳腺发育和肿瘤发生的遗传事件。已经为小鼠和人类组织彻底开发了用于分离和表征乳腺上皮细胞亚群的方案,但是对大鼠特异性方案的需求却在不断增长。迄今为止,还没有用于分离大鼠乳腺上皮亚群的标准方案。分析大鼠乳腺层次的变化将有助于我们阐明乳腺癌中的分子事件,乳腺癌亚型的起源细胞以及肿瘤微环境的影响。在这里,我们描述为1)大鼠乳腺上皮细胞分离开发的几种方法;2)大鼠乳腺成纤维细胞分离;3)培养大鼠乳腺上皮细胞;通过4)流式细胞仪分析和鉴定大鼠乳腺细胞;5)免疫荧光。源自该协议的细胞可用于多种目的,包括RNAseq ,药物研究,功能测定,基因/蛋白质表达分析和图像分析。


[背景]大多数与乳腺有关的研究都是在小鼠模型和人体样品中进行的。然而,由于其具有类似于人的药代动力学特征和乳腺发育,该疾病的大鼠模型正变得越来越流行(Russo等人,1990;Jiunn等人,2008; Smalley等人,2016)。像人类腺癌一样,大鼠乳腺癌也经历组织学发展阶段(Russo等,1990; Singh等,2000),并且是卵巢激素依赖性的(Thompson等,1998; ...

In vitro Induction and Detection of Acrosomal Exocytosis in Human Spermatozoa
Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract]  The acrosome reaction is a highly regulated exocytotic event that primes spermatozoa for successful fertilization. Upon induction, acrosomal exocytosis proceeds via a wave of vesiculation that radiates across the sperm head, destabilizing the acrosomal vesicle and resulting in the release of the acrosomal contents. Having shed their acrosome, spermatozoa are then capable of penetrating the outer vestments of the oocyte and initiating fertilization. Accordingly, the failure of spermatozoa to complete an acrosome reaction represents a relatively common etiology in male infertility patients, and the ability to induce acrosomal exocytosis has found clinical utility in the evaluation of sperm fertilizing capacity. Here, we firstly describe protocols for driving the capacitation of human ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 顶体反应是高度调控的胞吐事件,引发精子成功受精。诱导后,顶体胞吐作用通过一束囊泡波进行,该囊泡波辐射穿过精子头部,使顶体囊泡不稳定并导致顶体内容物释放。脱去顶体后,精子便能够穿透卵母细胞的外衣并开始受精。因此,在男性不育患者中,精子不能完成顶体反应代表了相对普遍的病因,并且诱导顶体胞吐作用的能力已在评估精子受精能力中发现了临床用途。在这里,我们首先描述驱动人类精子获能的方案 在体外使用化学成分确定的培养基以引发细胞完成顶体胞吐作用。然后,我们描述了常规用于诱导结合了生理激动剂(即甾体激素,孕酮)或药理试剂(即二价阳离子离子载体,A23187)的顶体胞吐作用的方法。最后,我们描述了组织化学和免疫荧光技术的应用,这些技术可用于研究顶体反应的完成。这样的协议对于临床和男科学研究实验室中的精子功能测试具有重要的诊断实用性。

[背景 ] 顶配体是雄性配子所特有的,是一种溶酶体样的膜细胞器,装饰在精子头部的前部区域,并由顶体内膜和外膜描绘(Hermo 等人,2010a和2010b)。如此形成的顶体囊泡封装了无数的结构和酶促组分,将其分隔为可溶或不可溶级分(Guyonnet 等,2012; Guyonnet 等,2014)。这些中的后者,称为顶体基质,用作稳定的支架,其允许在顶体反应期间受控释放受精所必需的基质相关蛋白(Guyonnet ...

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