| Dissecting the Rat Mammary Gland: Isolation, Characterization, and Culture of Purified Mammary Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts
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Author:
Date:
2020-11-20
[Abstract] With the advent of CRISPR-Cas and the ability to easily modify the genome of diverse organisms, rat models are being increasingly developed to interrogate the genetic events underlying mammary development and tumorigenesis. Protocols for the isolation and characterization of mammary epithelial cell subpopulations have been thoroughly developed for mouse and human tissues, yet there is an increasing need for rat-specific protocols. To date, there are no standard protocols for isolating rat mammary epithelial subpopulations. Analyzing changes in the rat mammary hierarchy will help us elucidate the molecular events in breast cancer, the cells of origin for breast cancer subtypes, and the impact of the tumor microenvironment. Here we describe several methods developed for 1) rat mammary ...
[摘要] [摘要]随着CRISPR-Cas的出现以及能够轻松修饰各种生物的基因组的能力,越来越多地开发大鼠模型来询问乳腺发育和肿瘤发生的遗传事件。已经为小鼠和人类组织彻底开发了用于分离和表征乳腺上皮细胞亚群的方案,但是对大鼠特异性方案的需求却在不断增长。迄今为止,还没有用于分离大鼠乳腺上皮亚群的标准方案。分析大鼠乳腺层次的变化将有助于我们阐明乳腺癌中的分子事件,乳腺癌亚型的起源细胞以及肿瘤微环境的影响。在这里,我们描述为1)大鼠乳腺上皮细胞分离开发的几种方法;2)大鼠乳腺成纤维细胞分离;3)培养大鼠乳腺上皮细胞;通过4)流式细胞仪分析和鉴定大鼠乳腺细胞;5)免疫荧光。源自该协议的细胞可用于多种目的,包括RNAseq ,药物研究,功能测定,基因/蛋白质表达分析和图像分析。
[背景]大多数与乳腺有关的研究都是在小鼠模型和人体样品中进行的。然而,由于其具有类似于人的药代动力学特征和乳腺发育,该疾病的大鼠模型正变得越来越流行(Russo等人,1990;Jiunn等人,2008; Smalley等人,2016)。像人类腺癌一样,大鼠乳腺癌也经历组织学发展阶段(Russo等,1990; Singh等,2000),并且是卵巢激素依赖性的(Thompson等,1998; ...
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| Intestinal Enteroid Culture for Human Astroviruses
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] Human astroviruses (HAstV) are non-enveloped, positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses that typically cause gastroenteritis in children, the elderly and among immunocompromised individuals. Some HAstV species have also been implicated in neurological diseases. It is important to study these viruses to understand the pathogenesis and develop therapeutics. Here we describe HAstV infection in epithelium-only human intestinal enteroids (HIE) isolated from biopsy-derived intestinal crypts. Although different HAstV clades have been propagated in transformed immortalized cell lines such as A549, Caco-2, HEK293T and Huh7.5, we chose HIE because they better mimic the human intestine and thus are more physiologically relevant. Additionally, HIE support the replication of all HAstV clades ...
[摘要] [摘要] 人类星状病毒(HAstV)是一种非包膜,正向单链RNA病毒,通常会导致儿童,老年人和免疫力低下的人群中的肠胃炎。一些HAstV物种也与神经系统疾病有关。研究这些病毒以了解其发病机理并开发治疗方法非常重要。在这里我们描述HAstV感染 从活检来源的肠隐窝中分离出的仅上皮的人肠小肠类固醇(HIE)。尽管已经在转化的永生化细胞系(例如A549,Caco-2,HEK293T和Huh7.5)中繁殖了不同的HAstV进化枝,但我们选择HIE是因为它们可以更好地模仿人的肠道,因此在生理上更相关。此外,HIE支持所有HAstV进化枝的复制,包括临床样品,因此使HIE成为研究HAstV生物学的有价值的潜在通用模型。
[背景] 人类星状病毒(HAstV)是高度流行的肠病毒,会引起从腹泻到脑炎的广泛感染。无症状,全身和肠道外感染很常见(Madeley和Cosgrove 1975;Bosch 等人,2014;Kolawole 等人,2019)。尽管具有医学重要性,但H AstV 是一些特征最弱的肠病毒。目前,已识别出三组人类AstV:经典HAstV和非经典HAstV-MLB(墨尔本),以及HAstV-VA / ...
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