| SMART (Single Molecule Analysis of Resection Tracks) Technique for Assessing DNA end-Resection in Response to DNA Damage
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-08-05
[Abstract] DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most toxic lesions affecting genome integrity. DSBs are mainly repaired through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). A crucial step of the HR process is the generation, through DNA end-resection, of a long 3′ single-strand DNA stretch, necessary to prime DNA synthesis using a homologous region as a template, following DNA strand invasion. DNA end resection inhibits NHEJ and triggers homology-directed DSB repair, ultimately guaranteeing a faithful DNA repair. Established methods to evaluate the DNA end-resection process are the immunofluorescence analysis of the phospho-S4/8 RPA32 protein foci, a marker of DNA end-resection, or of the phospho-S4/8 RPA32 protein levels by Western blot. Recently, the Single ...
[摘要] [摘要] DNA双链断裂（dsb）是影响基因组完整性的最具毒性的损伤之一。dsb主要通过非同源末端连接（NHEJ）和同源重组（HR）进行修复。HR过程的一个关键步骤是通过DNA末端切除，产生一个长的3′单链DNA链，这是在DNA链入侵后，以同源区域为模板进行DNA合成所必需的。DNA末端切除抑制NHEJ并触发同源定向的DSB修复，最终保证DNA的可靠修复。已建立的评价DNA末端切除过程的方法是免疫荧光法分析磷酸化S4/8rpa32蛋白病灶（DNA末端切除的标志物）或磷酸化S4/8rpa32蛋白水平。近年来，切除轨迹单分子分析（SMART）被认为是一种可靠的方法，可以通过免疫荧光法观察S期特异性DNA损伤剂（如喜树碱）处理细胞后产生的长3′单链DNA尾。然后，通过图像分析软件（如Photoshop）测量DNA束长度，评价DNA末端切除机的处理能力。DNA纤维的制备是在非变性条件下进行的，因此免疫荧光只检测DSB处理产生的特定的3′单链DNA尾。
[背景] ...
|
|
|
| Intestinal Enteroid Culture for Human Astroviruses
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] Human astroviruses (HAstV) are non-enveloped, positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses that typically cause gastroenteritis in children, the elderly and among immunocompromised individuals. Some HAstV species have also been implicated in neurological diseases. It is important to study these viruses to understand the pathogenesis and develop therapeutics. Here we describe HAstV infection in epithelium-only human intestinal enteroids (HIE) isolated from biopsy-derived intestinal crypts. Although different HAstV clades have been propagated in transformed immortalized cell lines such as A549, Caco-2, HEK293T and Huh7.5, we chose HIE because they better mimic the human intestine and thus are more physiologically relevant. Additionally, HIE support the replication of all HAstV clades ...
[摘要] [摘要] 人类星状病毒（HAstV）是一种非包膜，正向单链RNA病毒，通常会导致儿童，老年人和免疫力低下的人群中的肠胃炎。一些HAstV物种也与神经系统疾病有关。研究这些病毒以了解其发病机理并开发治疗方法非常重要。在这里我们描述HAstV感染 从活检来源的肠隐窝中分离出的仅上皮的人肠小肠类固醇（HIE）。尽管已经在转化的永生化细胞系（例如A549，Caco-2，HEK293T和Huh7.5）中繁殖了不同的HAstV进化枝，但我们选择HIE是因为它们可以更好地模仿人的肠道，因此在生理上更相关。此外，HIE支持所有HAstV进化枝的复制，包括临床样品，因此使HIE成为研究HAstV生物学的有价值的潜在通用模型。
[背景] 人类星状病毒（HAstV）是高度流行的肠病毒，会引起从腹泻到脑炎的广泛感染。无症状，全身和肠道外感染很常见（Madeley和Cosgrove 1975；Bosch 等人，2014；Kolawole 等人，2019）。尽管具有医学重要性，但H AstV 是一些特征最弱的肠病毒。目前，已识别出三组人类AstV：经典HAstV和非经典HAstV-MLB（墨尔本），以及HAstV-VA / ...
|
|
|