| Pea Aphid Rearing, Bacterial Infection and Hemocyte Phagocytosis Assay
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Author:
Date:
2020-12-20
[Abstract] Insects rely on the simple but effective innate immune system to combat infection. Cellular and humoral responses are interconnected and synergistic in insects’ innate immune system. Phagocytosis is one major cellular response. It is difficult to collect clean hemolymph from the small insect like pea aphid. Here, we provide a practicable method for small insects hemocyte phagocytosis assay by taking pea aphid as an example. Furthermore, we provide the protocols for pea aphid rearing and bacterial infection, which offer referential method for related research.
[摘要] [摘要]昆虫依靠简单但有效的先天免疫系统来抵抗感染。细胞和体液反应在昆虫的先天免疫系统中是相互联系和协同的。吞噬作用是一种主要的细胞反应。很难从豌豆蚜虫之类的小昆虫身上收集干净的血淋巴。在此,我们以豌豆蚜为例,为小昆虫血细胞吞噬作用测定提供了一种可行的方法。此外,我们提供了豌豆蚜虫饲养和细菌感染的协议我上,这提供了相关的研究参考方法。
关键词:免疫,方案,吞噬作用,蚜虫饲养,细菌感染
[背景技术] 吞噬作用,定义为颗粒大于0.5的细胞摄取微米通过形成膜衍生的吞噬体的,是一种古老的和进化上保守的机制昆虫细胞应答(勒梅特和霍夫曼,2007; Melcarne 。等人,2019a和2019 b)。吞噬作用是由吞噬细胞(专用细胞)介导的,吞噬细胞可以消化“改变自身”的颗粒和病原体(Hillyer和Strand,2014;Melcarne等,2019b)。吞噬细胞不仅可以是血细胞中的循环血细胞,而且可以是组织上的无柄血细胞(Hillyer和Strand,2014; Hillyer,2016; Sigle和Hillyer,2016)。当病原体进入昆虫血腔,吞噬细胞吞噬迅速病理克ENS和吞噬作用通常涂饰在小时(Hillyer等人,2003;王和Hillyer,2012;和事务所Hillyer,2016)。 ...
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| Intestinal Enteroid Culture for Human Astroviruses
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] Human astroviruses (HAstV) are non-enveloped, positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses that typically cause gastroenteritis in children, the elderly and among immunocompromised individuals. Some HAstV species have also been implicated in neurological diseases. It is important to study these viruses to understand the pathogenesis and develop therapeutics. Here we describe HAstV infection in epithelium-only human intestinal enteroids (HIE) isolated from biopsy-derived intestinal crypts. Although different HAstV clades have been propagated in transformed immortalized cell lines such as A549, Caco-2, HEK293T and Huh7.5, we chose HIE because they better mimic the human intestine and thus are more physiologically relevant. Additionally, HIE support the replication of all HAstV clades ...
[摘要] [摘要] 人类星状病毒(HAstV)是一种非包膜,正向单链RNA病毒,通常会导致儿童,老年人和免疫力低下的人群中的肠胃炎。一些HAstV物种也与神经系统疾病有关。研究这些病毒以了解其发病机理并开发治疗方法非常重要。在这里我们描述HAstV感染 从活检来源的肠隐窝中分离出的仅上皮的人肠小肠类固醇(HIE)。尽管已经在转化的永生化细胞系(例如A549,Caco-2,HEK293T和Huh7.5)中繁殖了不同的HAstV进化枝,但我们选择HIE是因为它们可以更好地模仿人的肠道,因此在生理上更相关。此外,HIE支持所有HAstV进化枝的复制,包括临床样品,因此使HIE成为研究HAstV生物学的有价值的潜在通用模型。
[背景] 人类星状病毒(HAstV)是高度流行的肠病毒,会引起从腹泻到脑炎的广泛感染。无症状,全身和肠道外感染很常见(Madeley和Cosgrove 1975;Bosch 等人,2014;Kolawole 等人,2019)。尽管具有医学重要性,但H AstV 是一些特征最弱的肠病毒。目前,已识别出三组人类AstV:经典HAstV和非经典HAstV-MLB(墨尔本),以及HAstV-VA / ...
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