| Estimation of the Minimum Number of Replication Origins Per Chromosome in any Organism
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Author:
Date:
2020-10-20
[Abstract] Eukaryote nuclear genomes predominantly replicate through multiple replication origins. The number of replication origins activated per chromosome during the S-phase duration may vary according to many factors, but the predominant one is replication stress. Several studies have applied different approaches to estimate the number and map the positions of the replication origins in various organisms. However, without a parameter to restrict the minimum of necessary origins, less sensitive techniques may suggest conflicting results. The estimation of the minimum number of replication origins (MO) per chromosome is an innovative method that allows the establishment of a threshold, which serves as a parameter for genomic approaches that map origins. For this, the MO can be easily ...
[摘要] [摘要] 比率可能因多种因素而变化，但最主要的因素是复制应力。一些研究应用了不同的方法来估计复制源在不同生物体中的数量和位置。然而，如果没有一个参数来限制必要起源的最小值，那么不太敏感的技术可能会产生相互矛盾的结果。估计每个染色体的最小复制源数量（MO）是一种创新的方法，它允许建立一个阈值，作为绘制起源的基因组方法的参数。为此，MO可以很容易地通过一个公式得到，这个公式需要作为参数：染色体大小、S期持续时间和复制率。在基因组数据库（如NCBI）中可以获得任何生物体的染色体大小，通过监测DNA复制来估计S期的持续时间，并通过DNA组合方法获得复制率。 提供了一种简单、快速的估算MO的方法一个新的方法学框架来协助研究任何有机体。
关键词： DNA复制，复制来源，复制率，S期持续时间，染色体大小
[背景] ...
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| Isolation, Culture, and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts Derived from Muscle Satellite Cells
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] The skeletal muscle is key for body mobility and motor performance, but aging and diseases often lead to progressive loss of muscle mass due to wasting or degeneration of muscle cells. Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) represent a population of tissue stem cells residing in the skeletal muscles and are responsible for homeostatic maintenance and regeneration of skeletal muscles. Growth, injury, and degenerative signals activate MuSCs, which then proliferate (proliferating MuSCs are called myoblasts), differentiate and fuse with existing multinuclear muscle cells (myofibers) to mediate muscle growth and repair. Here, we describe a protocol for isolating MuSCs from skeletal muscles of mice for in vitro analysis. In addition, we provide a detailed protocol on how to culture and ...
[摘要] [摘要] 骨骼肌是身体活动和运动表现的关键，但是衰老和疾病通常会由于肌肉细胞的浪费或变性而导致肌肉质量的逐步丧失。肌卫星细胞（MuSCs）代表的组织STE群体米细胞小号居住在骨骼肌和负责骨骼肌的体内平衡维持和再生。生长，损伤和变性信号激活MuSC，然后增殖（增殖的MuSC被称为成肌细胞），分化并与现有的多核肌肉细胞（肌纤维）融合，以介导肌肉的生长和修复。在这里，我们描述了从小鼠骨骼肌中分离MuSC的体外实验方案分析。此外，我们提供了有关如何将原代成肌细胞培养和分化成肌管的详细协议，以及用于表征细胞的免疫荧光染色程序。这些方法对于在体外模拟再生肌生成以了解MuSC 的动力学，功能和分子调控至关重要。
[背景] 通过多种细胞功能维持肌肉的动态平衡，对于保持肌肉的完整性至关重要。组织特异性成体干细胞能够在整个生命中连续不断地再生局部组织。在成年骨骼肌中，称为肌肉卫星细胞（MuSC）的干细胞群具有强大的再生能力，这是肌肉动态平衡的关键（Yin 等人，2013； Dumont 等人，2016）。静态MuSC位于与肌肉纤维并列的基底层下方的壁iche中，负责肌肉的生长和再生（Yin 等人，2013； Dumont 等人，2016）。
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