| Screening Method for CRISPR/Cas9 Inhibition of a Human DNA Virus: Herpes Simplex Virus
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract] The efficiency of cleavage of individual CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNAs remains difficult to predict based on the CRISPR target sequence alone. Different intracellular environments (dependent on cell type or cell cycle state for example) may affect sgRNA efficiency by altering accessibility of genomic DNA through DNA modifications such as epigenetic marks and DNA-binding proteins (e.g., histones) as well as alteration of the chromatin state of genomic DNA within the nucleus.
We recently reported a multi-step screening method for the identification of efficient sgRNAs targeting the Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) genome and reported a differential mechanism for viral inhibition by CRISPR-Cas9 in the latent versus lytic phase. The screening platform detailed in this protocol allows ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 单独基于CRISPR靶序列仍难以预测单个CRISPR / Cas9-sgRNA的切割效率。不同的细胞内环境(例如,取决于细胞类型或细胞周期状态)可能会通过DNA修饰(例如表观遗传标记和DNA结合蛋白(例如组蛋白))和染色质状态的改变来改变基因组DNA的可及性,从而影响sgRNA效率。核内基因组DNA的标记。
我们recen TLY 报道的多步骤方法筛选用于有效sgRNAs靶向的识别的单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)的基因组,并报告为在潜对裂解病毒相抑制CRISPR-Cas9的差动机构。该协议中详述的筛选平台允许在无细胞系统中以及在病毒靶细胞(例如人包皮成纤维细胞)的背景下逐步测试切割效率,然后对CRISPR / sgRNA的作用进行功能测试病毒蛋白的表达,复制,和再活化。该策略可以容易地应用于其他靶细胞,例如多能干细胞衍生的人感觉神经元或其他人DNA病毒。
背景 ] 单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)是的一种嗜神经性DNA病毒疱疹病毒科家族引起终身和无法治愈感染在大多数人群的,并可能导致显著发病率和死亡率(Liesegang环等人,1989; Roizman 等人。,2013) ...
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| A CRISPR Competition Assay to Identify Cancer Genetic Dependencies
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful tool for genome editing, wherein the RNA-guided nuclease Cas9 can be directed to introduce double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at a targeted locus. In mammalian cells, these DSBs are typically repaired through error-prone processes, resulting in insertions or deletions (indels) at the targeted locus. Researchers can use these Cas9-mediated lesions to probe the consequences of loss-of-function perturbations in genes of interest. Here, we describe an optimized protocol to identify specific genes required for cancer cell fitness through a CRISPR-mediated cellular competition assay. Identifying these genetic dependencies is of utmost importance, as they provide potential targets for anti-cancer drug development. This protocol provides researchers with a robust ...
[摘要] [摘要] CRISPR / Cas9系统是用于基因组编辑的强大工具,其中RNA引导的核酸酶Cas9可以直接在目标基因座处引入双链断裂(DSB)。在哺乳动物细胞中,这些DSB通常通过容易出错的过程进行修复,从而导致在目标基因座处插入或缺失(indel)。研究人员可以使用这些Cas9介导的病变来探究结果目标基因的功能丧失扰动。在这里,我们描述了一种优化的协议,可通过CRISPR介导的细胞竞争测定法来鉴定癌细胞适应性所需的特定基因。鉴定这些遗传依赖性至关重要,因为它们为抗癌药物的开发提供了潜在的靶标。该协议为研究人员提供了一种强大且可扩展的方法,以研究多种细胞系和癌症类型中的基因依赖性,并验证高通量或全基因组筛选的结果。
[背景] CRISPR / Cas9系统被认为已发展成为一种适应性的原核病毒防御系统(Mojica 等,2005; Makarova 等,2006)。它被发现后不久,就被研究人员选中,并进行了基因组编辑以供实验室使用(Doudna和Charpentier,2014年; Hsu 等人,2014年)。通过转基因表达Cas9核酸酶以及与靶序列互补的短链RNA(sgRNA),可以将双链断裂(DSB)引入各种细胞和生物体的目标位点(Cong 等,2013)。 ...
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