{{'Search' | translate}}
 

HEPES

Company: Millipore Sigma
Catalog#: H4034
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to Assess Histone Marks in Auxin-treated Arabidopsis thaliana Inflorescence Tissue
Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract]  Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) or high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) has become the gold standard for the identification of binding sites of DNA binding proteins and the localization of histone modification on a locus-specific or genome-wide scale, respectively. ChIP experiments can be divided into seven critical steps: (A) sample collection, (B) crosslinking of proteins to DNA, (C) nuclear extraction, (D) chromatin isolation and fragmentation by sonication, (E) immunoprecipitation of histone marks by appropriate antibodies, (F) DNA recovery, and (G) identification of precipitated protein-associated DNA by qPCR or high-throughput sequencing. Here, we describe a time-efficient protocol that can be used for ChIP-qPCR experiments to study the ... [摘要]  [摘要]染色质免疫沉淀与定量PCR(ChIP -qPCR)或高通量测序(ChIP-seq )结合已成为鉴定DNA结合蛋白结合位点和在特定基因座上定位组蛋白修饰的金标准。或全基因组规模。ChIP实验可分为七个关键步骤:(A)样品收集,(B)蛋白质与DNA交联,(C)核提取,(D)染色质分离和f 超声处理的碎片化;(E)通过适当的抗体对组蛋白标记的免疫沉淀;(F)DNA的回收;(G)通过qPCR或高通量测序鉴定沉淀的蛋白质相关DNA。在这里,我们描述了一种可用于ChIP -qPCR实验的省时协议,以研究模型植物拟南芥幼花序中组蛋白修饰的定位。


[背景]真核基因组中的染色体中,其与组蛋白DNA结合形成染色质组织的。组蛋白与DNA之间的紧密相互作用阻碍了DNA与其他因素的可及性。因此,组蛋白相对于重要调控DNA序列的位置和组蛋白-DNA接触的强度可以隐藏或暴露提供另一层基因调控的基因。在染色质中,组蛋白和DNA均可被化学修饰(Zhou等,2010 ;Schübeler ,2015)。根据修饰的物理性质,染色质状态可以阻止或增强基础基因的转录(Kouzarides ,2007; Yang等,2014; Wu等,2015)。在植物中,染色质的表观遗传状态已被证明是响应发育或环境刺激的基因表达的关键决定因素(Yang等人,2014 ; Wu等人,2015 ; ...

In vitro AMPylation/Adenylylation of Alpha-synuclein by HYPE/FICD
Author:
Date:
2020-09-20
[Abstract]  One of the major histopathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease are Lewy bodies (LBs) –cytoplasmic inclusions, enriched with fibrillar forms of the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Progressive deposition of α-syn into LBs is enabled by its propensity to fibrillize into insoluble aggregates. We recently described a marked reduction in α-syn fibrillation in vitro upon posttranslational modification (PTM) by the Fic (Filamentation induced by cAMP) family adenylyltransferase HYPE/FICD (Huntingtin yeast-interacting protein E/FICD). Specifically, HYPE utilizes ATP to covalently decorate key threonine residues in α-syn’s N-terminal and NAC (non-amyloid-β component) regions with AMP (adenosine monophosphate), in a PTM termed AMPylation or adenylylation. Status quo in ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 帕金森氏病的主要组织病理学标志之一是路易体(LB) –细胞质内含物,富含纤维状形式的突触前蛋白α-突触核蛋白(α-syn)。由于α-syn易于原纤维化成不溶性聚集体,因此可以逐步沉积到LBs中。我们最近描述了Fic(由cAMP诱导的细丝化)家族腺苷酸转移酶HYPE / FICD(与亨廷顿酵母相互作用的蛋白E / FICD)在翻译后修饰(PTM)后体外α-syn纤颤的明显减少。具体而言,HYPE利用ATP在称为AMPylation 或adenylylation 的PTM中,以AMP(单磷酸腺苷)共价修饰α-syn's N末端和NAC(非淀粉样β成分)区域中的关键苏氨酸残基。HYPE底物(例如α-syn)的体外AMPyl化反应现状使用多种ATP类似物,包括放射性标记的α - 32 P-ATP 或α - 33 P-ATP,荧光ATP类似物,生物素化ATP类似物(N6- [6-六甲基] -ATP-生物素),以及基于点击化学的烷基-ATP方法检测基于凝胶的AMPylation 。当前描述HYPE介导AMPylation 的分步方案的文献依赖于α - 33 P-ATP核苷酸,而不是更常见的α - 32 P-ATP。尽管有效,但前一种方法需要长时间且危险的DMSO-PPO(二甲基亚砜- 聚苯基恶唑)沉淀。因此,我们提供了基于α - 33 ...

Generation of T cells from Human and Nonhuman Primate Pluripotent Stem Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract]  Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to provide homogeneous cell populations of T cells that can be grown at a clinical scale and genetically engineered to meet specific clinical needs. OP9-DLL4, a stromal line ectopically expressing the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4) is used to support differentiation of PSCs to T-lymphocytes. This article outlines several protocols related to generation of T cells from human and non-human primate (NHP) PSCs, including initial hematopoietic differentiation of PSC on OP9 feeders or defined conditions, followed by coculture of the OP9-DLL4 cells with the PSC-derived hematopoietic progenitors (HPs), leading to efficient differentiation to T lymphocytes. In addition, we describe a protocol for robust T cell generation from hPSCs conditionally ... [摘要]  [摘要] 多能干细胞(PSCs)有潜力提供同质的T细胞群体,这些细胞可以在临床规模上生长,并通过基因工程来满足特定的临床需求。OP9-DLL4是一种异位表达Notch配体Delta-like 4(DLL4)的基质细胞系,用于支持psc向T淋巴细胞的分化。本文概述了从人类和非人类灵长类(NHP)PSC中产生T细胞的几种方法,包括在OP9喂食者或特定条件下对PSC进行初始造血分化,然后将OP9-DLL4细胞与PSC衍生的造血祖细胞(HPs)共培养,从而有效地分化成T淋巴细胞。此外,我们描述了一个从有条件表达ETS1的hPSCs中产生健壮T细胞的方案。所提出的协议提供了一个平台,用于疾病建模和评估其在大型动物模型免疫治疗中的应用。

[背景] T淋巴细胞(T细胞)在细胞介导的免疫反应中起着关键作用,参与肿瘤细胞的监测和杀伤。在过去的几十年里,已经开发了几种策略来重定向、培养和/或增强抗肿瘤的T淋巴细胞(Houot等人,2015年;June等人,2018年),并将其用于基于T细胞的过继免疫治疗。最近的临床试验表明,用嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-T细胞治疗复发性和难治性淋巴瘤患者的疗效显著(Riviere和Sadelain,2017)。

人类多能干细胞(hPSCs),包括胚胎(hESCs)和诱导(hiPSCs),为生产用于过继性细胞免疫疗法的T细胞提供了一种很有前景的资源,可与基因工程技术相结合,产生现成的CAR ...

Comments