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B-27 supplement

Company: Thermo Fisher
Catalog#: 17504044
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Production of Phenotypically Uniform Human Cerebral Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells
Author:
Date:
2021-04-20
[Abstract]  

Recent advances in stem cell technology have allowed researchers to generate 3D cerebral organoids (COs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Indeed, COs have provided an unprecedented opportunity to model the developing human brain in a 3D context, and in turn, are suitable for addressing complex neurological questions by leveraging advancements in genetic engineering, high resolution microscopy, and tissue transcriptomics. However, the use of this model is limited by substantial variations in the overall morphology and cellular composition of organoids derived from the same pluripotent cell line. To address these limitations, we established a robust, high-efficiency protocol for the production of consistent COs by optimizing the initial phase of embryoid body (EB) formation and

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[摘要]   [摘要]在干细胞技术的最新进展已经使研究人员能够产生3D脑类器官由人多能干细胞((COS)hPSCs )。事实上,COS提供了一个前所未有的机会,发展人的大脑在3D场景模型,并反过来,适用于通过利用在进步,基因工程,高分辨率显微镜处理复杂的神经系统的问题,并组织转录。然而,在U SE 该模型的模型受到源自同一多能细胞系的类器官的整体形态和细胞组成的实质性变化的限制。为了解决这些限制,我们建立了坚固的,高-通过优化的初始阶段用于生产相一致的COS效率协议胚状体(EB)形成和神经诱导。使用该协议,采购员可以重复地与产生一个均匀的尺寸,形状,以及跨多个批次的细胞组合物。˚F urthermore,类器官的是发展了延长的时间段(3 - 6个月)显示建立的相对成熟的功能,包括电生理学活性的神经元,少突胶质细胞和祖细胞的产生。因此,该平台提供了可用于研究人脑发育和相关疾病的强大实验模型。

图形摘要:

多能干细胞对脑类器官发育的概述


[背景技术]在最新进展在体外从人多能干细胞(衍生3D脑类器官(COS)的发展hPSCs ...

Investigate Synaptic Vesicles Mobility in Neuronal Culture Axons by FRAP Imaging
Author:
Date:
2021-03-20
[Abstract]  

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) are clustered in the presynaptic terminals and consistently trafficking along axons. Based on their release features, SVs are classified into different “pools”. Imaging of SVs that are traveling among multiple presynaptic terminals has helped define a new pool named “SV super-pool”. Here we describe a Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) approach to elucidate the relationship between SVs from the super-pool with SV clusters at presynaptic terminals. This method is powerful to investigate SV mobility regulation mechanisms.

[摘要]  [摘要]突触小泡(SVs)聚集在突触前的末端,并沿轴突持续运输。根据其发布功能,SV分为不同的“池”。在多个突触前末端之间传播的SV的成像已帮助定义了一个名为“ SV超级池”的新池。在这里,我们描述了一种光漂白后的荧光恢复(FRAP)方法,以阐明超池中的SV与突触前末端的SV簇之间的关系。该方法对于研究SV迁移率调节机制非常有效。


[背景]突触小泡(SVs)是通过神经递质的储存和释放参与神经传递的关键细胞器。SV大多在邻近突触前末端活动区的簇中识别。在电子显微镜(EM)下,SV具有直径为40-50nm的均匀外观(Landis等,1988; Korogod等,2015)。据我们所知,SV之间没有明显的生化区别。在不同的刺激范式下,它们显示出不同的释放特性。因此,SV被分为不同的功能池:储备池,回收池和易于释放池(图1)(Denker和Rozzoli,2010)。EM深入研究了详细的突触结构,SV定位,SV释放机制。发现SV通过细丝与一个或两个相邻的囊泡相连,突触素被认为是连接器的一部分,并且将SV保持在储备池中(Siksou et al。,2007)。超结构研究也揭示了SV对接和融合的分子步骤的解剖(Imig等人,2014)。SV与质膜的融合将酸性管腔(pH约为5 .0 ...

Generation of Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neuronal Cultures for Circadian Bioluminescence Assays
Author:
Date:
2021-03-05
[Abstract]  

An endogenous circadian clock system enables organisms to adapt to time-of-day dependent environmental changes. In consequence, most physiological processes exhibit daily rhythms of, e.g., energy metabolism, immune function, sleep, or hormone production. Hypothalamic circadian clocks have been identified to play a particular role in coordinating many of these processes. Primary neuronal cultures are widely used as a physiologically relevant model to study molecular events within neurons. However, as circadian rhythms include dynamic molecular changes over longer timescales that vary between individual cells, longitudinal measurement methods are essential to investigate the regulation of circadian clocks of hypothalamic neurons. Here we provide a protocol for generating primary

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[摘要]  [摘要]内源性生物钟系统使生物能够适应与时间相关的环境变化。结果,大多数生理过程表现出例如能量代谢,免疫功能,睡眠或激素产生的每日节律。下丘脑生物钟已被确认在协调许多这些过程中起特定作用。 原代神经元文化被广泛用作研究神经元内分子事件的生理相关模型。然而,由于昼夜节律包括较长时间范围内的动态分子变化,而这种变化在各个细胞之间会有所不同,因此纵向测量方法对于研究下丘脑神经元昼夜节律的调节至关重要。在这里,我们提供了用于生成表达昼夜节律性荧光素酶报道基因的下丘脑神经元文化的协议。通过执行生物发光测量,此类报告细胞可用于以高时间分辨率纵向监测细胞昼夜节律。


[背景]为了适应重复在其环境中的时间-日期依赖性变化,许多生物已开发出一种内源性生物钟系统调节行为和生理过程的24小时的节律(夏尔马,2003)。在哺乳动物中,一个昼夜节律性起搏器主要位于下丘脑上视交叉上核(SCN)。它与外部时间协调整个身体的细胞时钟调节。睡眠,食欲和新陈代谢的每日模式由下丘脑神经元中的细胞昼夜节律调节(Cedernaes等,2019)。

在哺乳动物细胞中,昼夜节律时钟由互锁的转录-翻译反馈环(TTFL)组成。在核心TTFL中,转录因子昼夜运动输出周期kaput(CLOCK)和脑和肌肉芳基碳氢化合物受体核转运蛋白样蛋白1(BMAL1或ARNTL)激活其自身阻遏物,周期(PER1-3)和隐色蛋白的表达(CRY1 ...

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