| Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization Following RNAi Mediated Knockdown in Drosophila
|
|
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract] Loss of function studies shed significant light on the involvement of a gene or gene product in different cellular processes. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a classical yet straightforward technique frequently used to knock down a gene for assessing its function. Similar perturbations in gene expression can be achieved by siRNA, microRNA, or CRISPR-Cas9 methods also. In Drosophila genetics, the UAS-GAL4 system is utilized to express RNAi and make ubiquitous and tissue-specific knockdowns possible. The UAS-GAL4 system borrows genetic components of S. cerevisiae, hence rule out the possibility of accidental expression of the system. In particular, this technique uses a target-specific shRNA, and the expression of the same is governed by the upstream activating ...
[摘要] [摘要]功能丧失的研究为基因或基因产物在不同细胞过程中的参与提供了重要启示。短发夹RNA(shRNA)介导的RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种经典而直接的技术,经常用于敲低基因以评估其功能。也可以通过siRNA,microRNA或CRISPR-Cas9方法实现类似的基因表达扰动。在果蝇遗传学中,UAS-GAL4系统用于表达RNAi,并使遍在和组织特异性的基因敲除成为可能。UAS-GAL4系统借鉴了酿酒酵母的遗传成分,因此排除了系统意外表达的可能性。特别地,该技术使用靶标特异性shRNA,并且其表达受上游激活序列(UAS)支配。由特定启动子调节的GAL4受控表达可以普遍或以组织特异性方式驱动干扰RNA的表达。通过RNA分离和半定量RT-PCR反应,然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳来测量敲低效率。我们还采用了免疫染色程序来评估击倒效率。
RNAi为研究人员提供了降低基因产物水平(相当于亚同型条件)并研究结果的选择。基于UAS-GAL4的RNAi方法提供了基因表达的时空调节,还有助于推断早期发育阶段所需的基因功能。
[背景]果蝇果蝇(果蝇)是在研究实验室经常使用的一种通用模式生物。果蝇易于处理,繁殖和维护。而且,精心制作却寿命短,繁殖力高的果蝇具有更多的优势。果蝇遗传学工具的易用性有助于发展对基因功能的全面了解。由于果蝇基因中有60%与人类基因同源,并且具有前面提到的其他优点,因此果蝇是研究体内基因功能的显而易见的模型生物。 ...
|
|
|
| Preparation of Drosophila Polytene Chromosomes, Followed by Immunofluorescence Analysis of Chromatin Structure by Multi-fluorescence Correlations
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract] Drosophila larval salivary gland polytene chromosome squashes have been used for decades to analyze genome-wide protein-binding patterns, transcriptional activation processes, and changes in chromatin structure at specific genetic loci. There have been many evolutions of the squashing protocol over the years, with sub-optimal reproducibility and low sample success rate as accepted caveats. However, low sample success rates are an obvious disadvantage when polytene chromosomes are used for more high-throughput approaches, such as genetic or antibody screens, or for experiments requiring high-quality chromosome structure preservation. Here we present an exceptionally reproducible squashing and fluorescence staining protocol, which generates high-quality fluorescence images on ...
[摘要] [摘要] 果蝇几十年来,幼虫唾液腺多线染色体压片被用来分析全基因组蛋白质结合模式、转录激活过程以及特定基因位点染色质结构的变化。在过去的几年中,压榨方案已经有了许多改进,次优的重复性和较低的样本成功率是公认的警告。然而,当多线染色体用于更高通量的方法,如遗传或抗体筛查,或用于需要高质量染色体结构保存的实验时,低样本成功率是一个明显的缺点。在这里,我们提出了一个特别可重复的挤压和荧光染色协议,它可以在扩散良好的染色体上生成高质量的荧光图像。接下来是我们的新的、半自动的MATLAB分析程序,用于以逐像素的方式确定多线染色体上单个位点上感兴趣的荧光信号之间的相关性。在我们的案例中,我们已经用这种方法来评估染色体在基因组位点的变化,这些位点被核孔蛋白的异位靶向。我们的分析程序的使用提高了对染色质结构的变化或染色质的蛋白质补充的无偏结论的能力,而不考虑免疫荧光染色的样本变化。由于它只是基于特定位置的荧光强度的差异,因此所提供的分析程序不局限于对多线染色体的分析,并且可以应用于许多不同的上下文中,其中任何特定位置的荧光信号之间的相关性是感兴趣的。
[] ...
|
|
|