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Tween-20

Company: Sigma
Catalog#: P7949-500ml
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Buoyant Density Fractionation of Small Extracellular Vesicle Sub-populations Derived from Mammalian Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-08-05
[Abstract]  Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) encompass a variety of distinct vesicles that are secreted to the extracellular space. Many methodologies currently used for EV isolation (e.g., differential ultracentrifugation concluding in a high-speed pellet, precipitation by macromolecular crowding agents or size excusion chromatography–SEC) do not fractionate distinct sEV sub-populations. Samples obtained by the aforementioned methods are usually used for characterization and physiological studies. However the fraction that contains the molecule of interest or is the carrier of a specific activity is unknown. Therefore isolating distinct sEV sub-populations is critical to understand EV function. The goal of this procedure is to purify distinct sEV sub-populations based on slight ... [摘要]  [摘要] 小细胞外小泡(sEVs)包括分泌到细胞外空间的各种不同的小泡。目前用于EV分离的许多方法(例如,高速颗粒中的差速超速离心、大分子拥挤剂沉淀或尺寸排除色谱法)没有分离不同的sEV亚群。通过上述方法获得的样品通常用于表征和生理学研究。然而,包含感兴趣分子或特定活性载体的部分是未知的。因此,分离不同的sEV亚群对于理解EV功能至关重要。该程序的目的是基于它们浮力密度的微小差异来纯化不同的sEV亚群。此外,该技术还允许从高速颗粒中共同分离的无囊泡RNA蛋白复合物中或通过使用拥挤剂来纯化sEVs。该方案描述了用于收集sEV的哺乳动物细胞的培养、sEV沉淀、sEV亚群的浮力密度分馏和sEV标记的免疫印迹。该方法可用于分离由多种哺乳动物细胞产生的不同的sEV亚群。

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Protocol for Peptide Synthesis on Spectrally Encoded Beads for MRBLE-pep Assays
Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract]  Every living cell relies on signal transduction pathways comprised of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In many cases, these PPIs are between a folded protein domain and a short linear motif (SLiM) within an unstructured region of a protein. As a result of this small interaction interface (3-10 amino acids), the affinities of SLiM-mediated interactions are typically weak (Kds of ~1-10 µM), allowing physiologically relevant changes in cellular concentrations of either protein partner to dictate changes in occupancy and thereby transmit cellular signals. However, these weak affinities also render detection and quantitative measurement of these interactions challenging and labor intensive. To address this, we recently developed MRBLE-pep, a technology that employs ... [摘要]  [摘要] 每个活细胞都依赖于由蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)组成的信号转导途径。在许多情况下,这些PPI位于蛋白质非结构化区域内的折叠蛋白质结构域和短线性基序(SLiM )之间。由于这种小交互界面(3-10个氨基酸)的结果,的亲和力了SLiM 介导的相互作用通常是弱(ķ d 小号〜1-10μM的),允许在任一蛋白伴侣的细胞浓度至生理学相关的变化指示占用率的变化,从而传输蜂窝信号。然而,这些弱的亲和力也使得对这些相互作用的检测和定量测量具有挑战性并且劳动强度大。为了解决这个问题,我们最近开发了MRBLE-pep,该技术利用在光谱编码的水凝胶珠上合成的肽库,可以并行测量蛋白质和许多不同肽之间的多重亲和力。与传统方法相比,该方法显着减少了蛋白质和多肽的数量以及测量蛋白质-肽亲和力所需的时间。在这里,我们提供了详细的协议,描述了如何:(1)功能化带有游离胺基的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEG-DA)MRBLE磁珠,(2)在功能化的MRBLE上合成肽库,(3)通过MALDI质量验证合成的肽序列光谱分析和量化MRBLE上肽覆盖的均匀性,(4)在多重蛋白结合测定中使用MRBLE结合的肽库,以及(5)分析结合数据以确定结合亲和力。我们预计,该协议对于其他希望在自己的实验室中使用MRBLE-pep的研究人员以及对固相肽合成和蛋白质-蛋白质结合测定法开发广泛感兴趣的研究人员而言,将证明是有用的。
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