| Generation and Implementation of Reporter BHK-21 Cells for Live Imaging of Flavivirus Infection
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Author:
Date:
2021-03-05
[Abstract] The genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae includes many viral species of medical importance, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV), among others. Presently, the identification of flavivirus-infected cells is based on either the immunolabeling of viral proteins, the application of recombinant reporter replicons and viral genomes, or the use of cell-based molecular reporters of the flaviviral protease NS2B-NS3 activity. Among the latter, our flavivirus-activatable GFP and mNeptune reporters contain a quenching peptide (QP) joined to the fluorescent protein by a linker consisting of a cleavage site for the flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases (AAQRRGRIG). When the viral protease cleaves the linker, the quenching peptide is removed, and the ...
[摘要] [摘要]本属黄病毒家族中的黄病毒包括医学重要性许多病毒种类,如黄热病病毒(YFV),寨卡病毒(ZIKV)和登革热病毒(DENV),等等。目前,黄病毒感染细胞的鉴定是基于病毒蛋白的免疫标记,重组报告子复制子和病毒基因组的应用,或黄病毒蛋白酶NS2B-NS3活性的基于细胞的分子报告子的使用。在后者中,我们的黄病毒可激活的GFP和mNeptune报道分子含有通过接头连接到荧光蛋白的淬灭肽(QP),该接头由黄病毒NS2B - NS3蛋白酶(AAQRRGRIG)的切割位点组成。当病毒蛋白酶切割接头时,淬灭肽被去除,并且荧光蛋白采用促进荧光的构象。在这里,我们提供了用于表达,选择和实施表达黄病毒基因编码分子报告子的稳定BHK-21细胞的详细协议,适用于通过活细胞成像监测病毒感染。我们还将描述图像分析过程并提供所需的软件管道。我们的报告细胞允许通过活细胞成像对黄病毒的参考菌株和天然菌株实施单细胞感染动力学以及噬菌斑测定。
图形摘要:
黄病毒感染实时成像的报告基因BHK-21细胞的产生与实施工作流。
[背景]黄病毒代表了正在引起并正在重新出现的全球性威胁,可能引起动物和人类疾病,包括许多与医学有关的病毒,例如黄热病病毒(YFV),西尼罗河病毒(WNV),日本脑炎病毒(JEV),登革热病毒(DENV),并兹卡六RUS(ZIKV),等等(摹·乌尔德·所罗门,2008) ...
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| Generation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) Using Polyacrylamide Gels
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Author:
Date:
2020-11-05
[Abstract] Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are a widely used model system for a range of applications including membrane biophysics, drug delivery, and the study of actin dynamics. While several protocols have been developed for their generation in recent years, the use of these techniques involving charged lipid types and buffers of physiological ionic strength has not been widely adopted. This protocol describes the generation of large numbers of free-floating GUVs, even for charged lipid types and buffers of higher ionic strength, using a simple approach involving soft polyacrylamide (PAA) gels. This method entails glass cover slip functionalization with (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde to allow for covalent bonding of PAA onto the glass surface. After polymerization ...
[摘要] [摘要]巨型单层囊泡(GUV)是一种广泛使用的模型系统,其应用范围包括膜生物物理学,药物递送以及肌动蛋白动力学研究。虽然一些协议已经为他们这一代人在最近几年已开发,利用这些T的echniques涉及带电脂质的类型和生理离子强度缓冲液一直没有得到广泛的广告Ø PTED。Thi的方案描述了使用包括聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)凝胶的简单方法,即使对于带电荷的脂质类型和更高离子强度的缓冲液,也产生了大量的自由浮动GUV。此方法需要使用(3-氨基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷(APTES)和戊二醛对玻璃盖玻片进行功能化,以允许将PAA共价键合到玻璃表面上。PAA聚合后,将凝胶真空干燥。随后,将选择的脂质均匀地分散在干燥的凝胶表面上,并且可以使用具有不同离子强度的缓冲液来重新水化凝胶并形成GUV。该协议对于在生理条件下生产大量由不同脂质组成的自由浮动GUV而言是可靠的。它可以方便地用常用的实验室试剂进行。
[背景】虽然温和的水化和电铸是两个巨的最常用的方法单层囊泡(GUV)的形成,只有少数研究,报告其使用带电脂质类型和斯坦因的生理离子强度缓冲液(等人。,2017; ...
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| Microscopy-based Methods for Rosetting Assay in Malaria Research
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract] In malaria, rosetting phenomenon is a condition where a Plasmodium-infected erythrocyte stably adheres to at least an uninfected erythrocyte. This phenomenon that occurs in all species of human malaria parasite is likely to be an immune escape mechanism for the parasite. However, it has been associated with malaria pathogenesis, possibly by facilitating microvasculature occlusion along with direct endothelial cytoadherence by the infected erythrocytes. There are different microscopy-based techniques to visualize rosettes but neither of these techniques has yet to qualify as the official “gold standard” method. We have found that these techniques can be used interchangeably, provided that the conditions of the experiments are properly controlled. Here, we presented three methods ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 在疟疾中,玫瑰花结现象是疟原虫感染的红血球稳定附着在至少一个未感染的红血球上的情况。在人类疟疾所有种类的寄生虫中发生的这种现象很可能是该寄生虫的免疫逃逸机制。然而,它与疟疾的发病机理有关,可能是由于被感染的红细胞促进了微脉管系统的阻塞以及直接的内源性螺旋细胞粘附。有多种基于显微镜的技术可以可视化花环,但这些技术都尚未成为官方的“金标准” 方法 。我们发现,只要适当控制实验条件,这些技术就可以互换使用。在这里,我们本编三种方法作为选项玫瑰花结测定,即,在未染色的湿涂片技术,吖啶橙基于荧光显微技术和Giemsa染色湿涂片法,条件是使一致的性能的制备步骤在玫瑰花结实验。
[背景 ] 疟疾仍然是热带和亚热带地区许多国家的严重医疗保健问题(世界卫生组织,2019年)。随着宿主体内红细胞中寄生虫的成熟,被感染红细胞的结构发生了重大变化,导致被感染红细胞的细胞粘附性发生了改变,这被认为是严重疟疾发病机理中的重要角色(Craig 等,2012)。)。被感染的红细胞的细胞粘附特征之一是玫瑰花结现象,后期寄生虫感染的红细胞稳定地粘附在至少一个未感染的红细胞上(图1)。自20世纪80年代末发现(大卫等人,1988年),各种方法已经用于可视化花环。这些方法大多数是基于显微镜的,使用用疟疾感染的血液样本制备的湿法固定装置。这些包括未染色的湿装(Udomsangpetch ...
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