| Production and Isolation of Magnetic Protein Crystals in HEK293T Cells
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] Advances in protein engineering have enabled the production of self-assembled protein crystals within living cells. Our recent publication demonstrates the production of ftn-PAK4, which is a ferritin-containing crystal that can mineralize iron and become magnetic when isolated. We have developed an optimized protocol for the production and isolation of PAK4-based crystals. The crystals are first grown in low-passage HEK293T cells, released using a lysis buffer containing NP-40 and DNase, and collected under careful centrifugation conditions. Our protocol maximizes the purity and yield of crystals and is quick and straightforward.
[摘要] [摘要] 蛋白质工程的进展已使活细胞内产生自组装的蛋白质晶体。我们的最新出版物证明了ftn-PAK4的生产,它是一种含铁蛋白的晶体,在分离时可以矿化铁并成为磁性。我们已经开发出用于生产和分离基于PAK4的晶体的优化协议。晶体首先在低传代的HEK293T细胞中生长,使用含有NP-40和DNase的裂解缓冲液释放,并在仔细的离心条件下收集。我们的协议可最大程度地提高晶体的纯度和收率,并且操作简便快捷。
[背景] 近来的作品曾报道的“生产和隔离在纤维素的” 晶体通过蛋白在活细胞中的异源表达。这些晶体具有多种应用,例如货物运输(Ijiri 等,2009)或X射线结构测定(Baska ran 和Ang ,2015)。晶体的性质而变化,但它们通常相对于相当大的是对细胞,范围从1-2 微米到数百微米的大小(圣豪等人,2015) 。在我们最近的工作中,我们修改了inka-PAK4晶体以创建ftn-PAK4,该ftn-PAK4是一种含铁蛋白的晶体,可以矿化足够的铁以吸引附近的永磁体(Li 等,2019)。
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| In vitro Crosslinking Reactions and Substrate Incorporation Assays for The Identification of Transglutaminase-2 Protein Substrates
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Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract] Transglutaminase (TG2) catalyzes protein crosslinking between glutamyl and lysyl residues. Catalytic activity occurs via a transamidation mechanism resulting in the formation of isopeptide bonds. Since TG2-mediated transamidation is of mechanistic importance for a number of biological processes, assays that enable rapid and efficient identification and characterization of candidate substrates are an important first-step to uncovering the function of crosslinked proteins. Herein we describe an optimized and flexible protocol for in vitro TG2 crosslink reactions and substrate incorporation assays. We have previously employed these techniques in the identification of the protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a TG2 substrate. However, the protocol can be adapted for ...
[摘要] [摘要]转谷氨酰胺酶(TG2)催化谷氨酰和赖氨酰残基之间的蛋白质交联。催化活性通过转酰胺机制发生,导致异肽键的形成。由于TG2介导的transamidation是一些生物过程的机械重要性,检测,使快速和有效的识别和表征的候选底物是一个重要的第一步,以揭示交联蛋白的功能。在这里,我们描述了一个优化和灵活的协议,用于体外TG2交联反应和底物结合测定。我们以前曾采用这些技术在鉴定蛋白质高流动性基团盒1(HMGB1)作为TG2底物。然而,该协议可以适应任何候选转酰胺化底物的鉴定。
[背景]转谷氨酰胺酶(TG2)是转谷氨酰胺酶家族的成员,催化钙依赖性转酰胺化反应。转谷氨酰胺酶家族包括TG1-7和FXIIIa,以及带4.2的非催化活性成员,在蛋白质支架中发挥作用(Satchwell等,2009;Gundemir等,2012)。TG2在该家族中的独特之处在于,它是无处不在的表达和多向性功能;除了蛋白交联外,TG2还具有蛋白二硫异构酶(Hasegawa等,2003;Mastroberardino等,2006)、G蛋白(Nakaoka等,1994;Baek等,1996;Vezza等,1999)和激酶(Mishra和Murphy,2004;Mishra等,2006和2007)的功能。 蛋白质交联发生在与肽结合的谷氨酰残基(谷氨酰胺供体底物)的γ-羧酰胺基与赖氨酰残基(赖氨酸受体底物)的ϵ-氨基基之间,从而形成ϵ-(γ-谷氨酰)赖氨酸异肽键(Folk和Finlayson,1977)。交联反应的示意图如图1所示。 ...
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