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PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride)

Company: Sigma
Catalog#: 78830
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In vitro Reconstitution Assays of Arabidopsis 20S Proteasome
Author:
Date:
2021-04-05
[Abstract]  

The majority of cellular proteins are degraded by the 26S proteasome in eukaryotes. However, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which contain large portions of unstructured regions and are inherently unstable, are degraded via the ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasome. Emerging evidence indicates that plant IDP homeostasis may also be controlled by the 20S proteasome. Relatively little is known about the specific functions of the 20S proteasome and the regulatory mechanisms of IDP degradation in plants compared to other species because there is a lack of systematic protocols for in vitro assembly of this complex to perform in vitro degradation assays. Here, we present a detailed protocol of in vitro reconstitution assay of the 20S proteasome in Arabidopsis by modifying previously

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[摘要]  [摘要]大多数细胞蛋白的s的降解通过26S在真核生物蛋白酶。但是,内在无序的蛋白质(IDPs)包含大量的非结构化区域,并且内在地不稳定,因此很容易通过不依赖泛素的20S蛋白酶体降解。越来越多的证据最近显示ň植物境内流离失所者的平衡也可以通过20S蛋白酶控制。但是,由于缺乏用于体外分离20S蛋白酶体和降解测定的系统协议,因此我们对植物中IDP和20S蛋白酶体降解的功能和调控机制的研究和理解一直处于婴儿期与其他生物。在这里,我们通过采用和修改先前公开的方法,对拟南芥中20S蛋白酶体进行体外重组测定的详细方案。在此获得20S核心蛋白酶体的主要策略是从26S蛋白酶体中去除19S调节亚基。该协议包括两个主要部分:1)的来自表达表位标记的PAG1稳定的转基因品系20S蛋白酶体亲和纯化,的20S蛋白酶(程序AD)的基本组成部分; 2 )体外20S蛋白酶体降解测定法(方法E)。我们预计该协议将提供一种简单有效的方法来研究体外20S蛋白酶体降解,并促进植物中蛋白质代谢的研究。

[背景]蛋白质的降解通常是通过真核生物中的蛋白酶体来实现的。整合的26S蛋白酶体由两个亚颗粒组成:一个或两个末端的19S调节颗粒(RP),用作蛋白酶体激活剂;和20S核心蛋白酶体(CP),执行降解过程。大多数真核蛋白被多聚泛素化并导入26S蛋白酶体进行降解。然而,含有固有蛋白质无序已发现的区域直接通过破坏一个由20S蛋白酶的泛素依赖性降解(本日产等人,2014) ...

In vitro Crosslinking Reactions and Substrate Incorporation Assays for The Identification of Transglutaminase-2 Protein Substrates
Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract]  Transglutaminase (TG2) catalyzes protein crosslinking between glutamyl and lysyl residues. Catalytic activity occurs via a transamidation mechanism resulting in the formation of isopeptide bonds. Since TG2-mediated transamidation is of mechanistic importance for a number of biological processes, assays that enable rapid and efficient identification and characterization of candidate substrates are an important first-step to uncovering the function of crosslinked proteins. Herein we describe an optimized and flexible protocol for in vitro TG2 crosslink reactions and substrate incorporation assays. We have previously employed these techniques in the identification of the protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a TG2 substrate. However, the protocol can be adapted for ... [摘要]  [摘要]转谷氨酰胺酶(TG2)催化谷氨酰和赖氨酰残基之间的蛋白质交联。催化活性通过转酰胺机制发生,导致异肽键的形成。由于TG2介导的transamidation是一些生物过程的机械重要性,检测,使快速和有效的识别和表征的候选底物是一个重要的第一步,以揭示交联蛋白的功能。在这里,我们描述了一个优化和灵活的协议,用于体外TG2交联反应和底物结合测定。我们以前曾采用这些技术在鉴定蛋白质高流动性基团盒1(HMGB1)作为TG2底物。然而,该协议可以适应任何候选转酰胺化底物的鉴定。

[背景]转谷氨酰胺酶(TG2)是转谷氨酰胺酶家族的成员,催化钙依赖性转酰胺化反应。转谷氨酰胺酶家族包括TG1-7和FXIIIa,以及带4.2的非催化活性成员,在蛋白质支架中发挥作用(Satchwell等,2009;Gundemir等,2012)。TG2在该家族中的独特之处在于,它是无处不在的表达和多向性功能;除了蛋白交联外,TG2还具有蛋白二硫异构酶(Hasegawa等,2003;Mastroberardino等,2006)、G蛋白(Nakaoka等,1994;Baek等,1996;Vezza等,1999)和激酶(Mishra和Murphy,2004;Mishra等,2006和2007)的功能。
蛋白质交联发生在与肽结合的谷氨酰残基(谷氨酰胺供体底物)的γ-羧酰胺基与赖氨酰残基(赖氨酸受体底物)的ϵ-氨基基之间,从而形成ϵ-(γ-谷氨酰)赖氨酸异肽键(Folk和Finlayson,1977)。交联反应的示意图如图1所示。 ...

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