| A Quantitative Single-cell Flow Cytometry Assay for Retrograde Membrane Trafficking Using Engineered Cholera Toxin
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Author:
Date:
2020-08-05
[Abstract] The organization and distribution of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in eukaryotic cells is an essential process for cell function. Retrograde trafficking from the plasma membrane to the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum can greatly modify cell membrane composition and intracellular protein dynamics, and thus typifies a key sorting step. However, methods to efficiently quantify the extent or kinetics of these events are currently limited. Here, we describe a novel quantitative and effectively real-time single-cell flow cytometry assay to directly measure retrograde membrane transport. The assay takes advantage of the well-known retrograde trafficking of cholera toxin engineered with split-fluorescent proteins to generate novel tools for immediate monitoring of intracellular trafficking. ...
[摘要] [摘要]蛋白质、脂类和核酸在真核细胞中的组织和分布是细胞功能的重要过程。从质膜到高尔基体和内质网的逆向运输可以极大地改变细胞膜的组成和细胞内蛋白质的动态变化,因此是一个关键的分选步骤。然而,有效量化这些事件的程度或动力学的方法目前是有限的。在这里,我们描述了一种新的定量和有效的实时单细胞流式细胞术检测直接测量逆行膜转运。这项检测利用了众所周知的霍乱毒素逆行转移的特性,利用裂解荧光蛋白产生了新的工具,用于即时监测细胞内的转移。这种方法将大大扩展研究细胞内膜转运的生物学基础,以及细胞膜转运系统如何适应不同细胞类型和细胞状态的生理需要。
[背景]所有的真核细胞都依赖于它们动态地将分子分类和分离到膜结合的亚细胞器中的能力,以便组织和分配到细胞的特定区域。在这一过程中的一个重要步骤是早期分类内体和跨高尔基网络(TGN)。在从分选内体产生的其他贩运途径中,通过分泌途径到TGN的逆行贩运是一个关键的分选步骤(Johannes和Popoff,2008)。细胞膜蛋白和脂类发生逆向转运。从TGN到内质网(ER)的进一步逆行贩运可通过一些质膜脂质完成,并可巧妙地由几种细菌毒素和病毒协同作用而致病(Cho等人,2012年;Personnic等人,2016年;Williams和Tsai,2016年)。
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| Preparation of HeLa Total Membranes and Assay of Lipid-inhibition of Serine Palmitoyltransferase Activity
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Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract] Serine palmitoyltranferase (SPT) is a pyridoxal 5′ phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. SPT activity is homeostatically regulated in response to increased levels of sphingolipids. This homeostatic regulation of SPT is mediated through small ER membrane proteins termed the ORMDLs. Here we describe a procedure to assay ORMDL dependent lipid inhibition of SPT activity. The assay of SPT activity using radiolabeled L-serine was developed from the procedure established by the Hornemann laboratory. The activity of SPT can also be measured using deuterated L-serine but it requires mass spectrometry, which consumes money, time and instrumentation. The ORMDL dependent lipid inhibition of SPT activity can be ...
[摘要] [摘要] 丝氨酸Palmitoyltranferase (SPT)是吡哆醛5 ' 磷酸(PLP)依赖酶催化第一和限速步骤中从头合成鞘脂。SPT活动是Homeostatically调控响应水平的提高鞘脂。这SPT的稳态调节是通过小ER膜蛋白介导称为ORMDLs。在这里,我们描述了一种方法用放射性标记的L-丝氨酸以测定SPT活性的SPT活性。测定的ORMDL依赖性抑制脂质从由规定的程序被开发Hornemann 实验室。 SPT的活性也可以使用氘化的L-丝氨酸进行测定,但需要进行质谱分析,这会耗费金钱,时间和仪器。可以在细胞和无细胞系统中研究ORMDL依赖性脂质对SPT活性的抑制作用。在这里,我们提供了详细的协议来测量存在短链(C8-神经酰胺)或长链神经酰胺(C24-神经酰胺)时SPT活性。该协议的最大优势之一我们通过在HeLa细胞膜中提供外源鞘氨醇和24:1酰基辅酶A通过内源性神经酰胺合酶生成长链神经酰胺来实现这一目标。需要精密的仪器。
[背景 ] 丝氨酸palmit oyltranferase (SPT)是一种多亚基酶是在真核生物和原核生物一些广泛表达(花田等人,1997; Ikushiro 。等人,2001; Hornemann 等人,2007).The ...
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