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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2

Company: Gibco
Catalog#: 10010-023
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Intestinal Enteroid Culture for Human Astroviruses
Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract]  Human astroviruses (HAstV) are non-enveloped, positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses that typically cause gastroenteritis in children, the elderly and among immunocompromised individuals. Some HAstV species have also been implicated in neurological diseases. It is important to study these viruses to understand the pathogenesis and develop therapeutics. Here we describe HAstV infection in epithelium-only human intestinal enteroids (HIE) isolated from biopsy-derived intestinal crypts. Although different HAstV clades have been propagated in transformed immortalized cell lines such as A549, Caco-2, HEK293T and Huh7.5, we chose HIE because they better mimic the human intestine and thus are more physiologically relevant. Additionally, HIE support the replication of all HAstV clades ... [摘要]  [摘要] 人类星状病毒(HAstV)是一种非包膜,正向单链RNA病毒,通常会导致儿童,老年人和免疫力低下的人群中的肠胃炎。一些HAstV物种也与神经系统疾病有关。研究这些病毒以了解其发病机理并开发治疗方法非常重要。在这里我们描述HAstV感染 从活检来源的肠隐窝中分离出的仅上皮的人肠小肠类固醇(HIE)。尽管已经在转化的永生化细胞系(例如A549,Caco-2,HEK293T和Huh7.5)中繁殖了不同的HAstV进化枝,但我们选择HIE是因为它们可以更好地模仿人的肠道,因此在生理上更相关。此外,HIE支持所有HAstV进化枝的复制,包括临床样品,因此使HIE成为研究HAstV生物学的有价值的潜在通用模型。

[背景] 人类星状病毒(HAstV)是高度流行的肠病毒,会引起从腹泻到脑炎的广泛感染。无症状,全身和肠道外感染很常见(Madeley和Cosgrove 1975;Bosch 等人,2014;Kolawole 等人,2019)。尽管具有医学重要性,但H AstV 是一些特征最弱的肠病毒。目前,已识别出三组人类AstV:经典HAstV和非经典HAstV-MLB(墨尔本),以及HAstV-VA / ...

Protocol for Peptide Synthesis on Spectrally Encoded Beads for MRBLE-pep Assays
Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract]  Every living cell relies on signal transduction pathways comprised of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In many cases, these PPIs are between a folded protein domain and a short linear motif (SLiM) within an unstructured region of a protein. As a result of this small interaction interface (3-10 amino acids), the affinities of SLiM-mediated interactions are typically weak (Kds of ~1-10 µM), allowing physiologically relevant changes in cellular concentrations of either protein partner to dictate changes in occupancy and thereby transmit cellular signals. However, these weak affinities also render detection and quantitative measurement of these interactions challenging and labor intensive. To address this, we recently developed MRBLE-pep, a technology that employs ... [摘要]  [摘要] 每个活细胞都依赖于由蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)组成的信号转导途径。在许多情况下,这些PPI位于蛋白质非结构化区域内的折叠蛋白质结构域和短线性基序(SLiM )之间。由于这种小交互界面(3-10个氨基酸)的结果,的亲和力了SLiM 介导的相互作用通常是弱(ķ d 小号〜1-10μM的),允许在任一蛋白伴侣的细胞浓度至生理学相关的变化指示占用率的变化,从而传输蜂窝信号。然而,这些弱的亲和力也使得对这些相互作用的检测和定量测量具有挑战性并且劳动强度大。为了解决这个问题,我们最近开发了MRBLE-pep,该技术利用在光谱编码的水凝胶珠上合成的肽库,可以并行测量蛋白质和许多不同肽之间的多重亲和力。与传统方法相比,该方法显着减少了蛋白质和多肽的数量以及测量蛋白质-肽亲和力所需的时间。在这里,我们提供了详细的协议,描述了如何:(1)功能化带有游离胺基的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEG-DA)MRBLE磁珠,(2)在功能化的MRBLE上合成肽库,(3)通过MALDI质量验证合成的肽序列光谱分析和量化MRBLE上肽覆盖的均匀性,(4)在多重蛋白结合测定中使用MRBLE结合的肽库,以及(5)分析结合数据以确定结合亲和力。我们预计,该协议对于其他希望在自己的实验室中使用MRBLE-pep的研究人员以及对固相肽合成和蛋白质-蛋白质结合测定法开发广泛感兴趣的研究人员而言,将证明是有用的。
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Assessments of HLA-I Specificities of Anti-HLA-I Monoclonal Antibodies Using Solid Phase Bead Arrays
Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract]  Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules are a group of structurally-related cell surface proteins with a high degree of variability within the population. While only up to six variants are expressed in an individual person, the whole population contains thousands of different variants. The ability to distinguish specific variants is important in the clinic to determine compatibility during organ and bone marrow transplantation and in the laboratory to study the biological properties of individual variants. Solid phase bead arrays contain purified, individually identifiable HLA-I molecules that can be used to determine antibody specificity for individual HLA-I proteins. This method is high-throughput, highly specific, and allows for simultaneous screening of antibodies against ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 人类白细胞抗原I类(HLA-1)分子是一组与结构相关的细胞表面蛋白,在群体中具有高度可变性。一个人最多只能表达六个变体,但整个群体中包含数千个在临床中确定器官和骨髓移植的相容性以及在实验室研究单个变体的生物学特性时,区分特定变体的能力很重要。固相微珠阵列包含纯化的,可单独识别的HLA-1分子可以用于确定单个HLA-1蛋白的抗体特异性。该方法具有高通量,高特异性,可以同时筛选针对多种HLA-1同种异型的抗体。磁珠特别适用于筛查患者血清中的存在针对单个HLA-1变体的供体特异性抗体(可能在怀孕期间出现,b 输血或器官移植)等替代方法(例如使用单个表达HLA-1的细胞系)更加耗时,并且此类细胞系难以采购和标准化。研究HLA-1对其他受体和结合伴侣的特异性和选择性。

[背景 ] 人类白细胞抗原分子分为I类(HLA-I)或II类(HLA-II)。一般而言,HLA-1在所有有核细胞上均被发现并与CD8 + T细胞的T细胞受体结合,从而形成HLA -II在称为抗原呈递细胞的专门免疫细胞上发现,并与CD4 + T细胞的T细胞受体结合。HLA-I和HLA-II蛋白的主要受体是T细胞受体和CD8或CD4协同受体虽然其它受体,蛋白质和抗体是已知的,以在功能上与两组molecules.HLA-I类分子相互作用包括高度多态性的重链,一个不变的轻链(β ...

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