| In vitro Glutamylation Inhibition of Ubiquitin Modification and Phosphoribosyl-Ubiquitin Ligation Mediated by Legionella pneumophila Effectors
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Author:
Date:
2020-11-05
[Abstract] Glutamylation is a posttranslational modification where the amino group of a free glutamate amino acid is conjugated to the carboxyl group of a glutamate side chain within a target protein. SidJ is a Legionella kinase-like protein that has recently been identified to perform protein polyglutamylation of the Legionella SdeA Phosphoribosyl-Ubiquitin (PR-Ub) ligase to inhibit SdeA’s activity. The attachment of multiple glutamate amino acids to the catalytic glutamate residue of SdeA by SidJ inhibits SdeA’s modification of ubiquitin (Ub) and ligation activity. In this protocol, we will discuss a SidJ non-radioactive, in vitro glutamylation assay using its substrate SdeA. This will also include a second reaction to assay the inhibition of SdeA by using both modification of free Ub and ligation ...
[摘要] [摘要]谷氨酰化是翻译后修饰,其中游离谷氨酸氨基酸的氨基与目标蛋白内谷氨酸侧链的羧基缀合。SidJ是一种军团菌激酶样蛋白,最近被发现可对军团菌SdeA磷酸核糖泛素(PR- Ub )连接酶进行蛋白多谷氨酰化,从而抑制SdeA的活性。SidJ将多个谷氨酸氨基酸附着到SdeA的催化谷氨酸残基上,从而抑制了SdeA对泛素的修饰(Ub )和结扎活动。在此协议中,我们将讨论使用其底物SdeA的SidJ非放射性,体外谷氨酰化测定。这也将包括一个第二反应以测定抑制SdeA通过使用免费的两个修改泛素和结扎ADP-核糖基化的泛素(ADPR-泛素),以SdeA的基板Rab33b。在鉴定和公布SidJ的活性之前,尚无SdeA抑制试验。我们的小组和其他小组演示了各种方法来抑制SdeA的活性。备选方案包括使用放射性NAD测量Ub的ADP核糖基化,NAD水解以及SdeA对HA- Ub连接的蛋白质印迹分析。该方案将描述使用廉价的标准凝胶和考马斯染色对SdeA的泛素修饰和PR- Ub连接的抑制。
[背景]嗜肺军团菌是感染性细菌,其机会性感染肺泡巨噬细胞。这是通过吸入被污染的水气溶胶而发生的,引起潜在的致命性肺炎,称为军团菌病(McDade et ...
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| Radioactive Assay of in vitro Glutamylation Activity of the Legionella pneumophila Effector Protein SidJ
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Author:
Date:
2020-10-05
[Abstract] The Legionella effector protein SidJ has recently been identified to perform polyglutamylation on another Legionella effector, SdeA, ablating SdeA’s activity. SidJ is a kinase-like protein that requires the small eukaryotic protein calmodulin to perform glutamylation. Glutamylation is a relatively uncommon type of post-translational modification, where the amino group of a free glutamate amino acid is covalently linked to the γ-carboxyl group of a glutamate sidechain in a substrate protein. This protocol describes the SidJ glutamylation reaction using radioactive [U-14C] glutamate and its substrate SdeA, the separation of proteins by gel electrophoresis, preparation of gels for radioactive exposure, and relative quantification of glutamylation activity. This ...
[摘要] [摘要]在军团菌效应蛋白SidJ最近被确定为另一个执行polyglutamylation军团效应,SdeA,烧蚀SdeA的活动。SidJ是一种激酶样蛋白,需要小的真核蛋白钙调蛋白才能进行谷氨酰化。谷氨酰化是翻译后修饰的相对不常见的类型,其中游离谷氨酸氨基酸的氨基与底物蛋白质中谷氨酸侧链的γ-羧基共价连接。该协议描述了使用放射性[U- 14]的SidJ谷氨酰化反应 C]谷氨酸及其底物SdeA,通过凝胶电泳分离蛋白质,制备用于放射暴露的凝胶,以及相对定量的谷氨酰化活性。该方法可用于鉴定底物进行谷氨酰化,表征底物和由突变引起的谷氨酰胺酶活性,以及鉴定具有谷氨酰化活性的蛋白质。一些研究已经使用[ 3 H]谷氨酸(Regnard等,1998)和使用GT335抗体(Wolff等,1992)来分析谷氨酰化。但是,使用[U- 14 C] g谷氨酸盐需要更短的放射性暴露时间,而不依赖于抗体特异性。
[背景]嗜肺军团菌是感染细菌,造成军团病(麦克达德等人,1977) ,肺炎的一个潜在的致命的形式。在感染期间,Legionell ...
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| Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay of in vitro Phosphorylated RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl-terminal Domain Substrates
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Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract] Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcribes all protein-coding mRNAs and is highly regulated. A key mechanism directing RNA polymerase II and facilitating the co-transcriptional processing of mRNAs is the phosphorylation of its highly repetitive carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of its largest subunit, RPB1, at specific residues. A variety of techniques exist to identify and quantify the degree of CTD phosphorylation, including phosphorylation-specific antibodies and mass spectrometry. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) have been utilized since the discovery of CTD phosphorylation and continue to represent a simple, direct, and widely applicable approach for qualitatively monitoring CTD phosphorylation. We present a standardized method for EMSA analysis of recombinant GST-CTD ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 真核RNA聚合酶II转录所有编码蛋白质的mRNA,并且受到高度调节。指导RNA聚合酶II并促进mRNA的共转录加工的关键机制是其高度重复的羧基末端结构域(CTD)的磷酸化。最大的亚基RPB1位于特定残基。存在多种鉴定和定量CTD磷酸化程度的技术,包括磷酸化特异性抗体和质谱法。自发现CTD磷酸化和本文提出了一种标准化的方法,用于EMSA分析被多种CTD激酶磷酸化的重组GST-CTD底物的EMSA方法,以及在变性/还原和还原条件下分析样品的策略。提供了半本地条件。此方法表示简单,直接,以及使用分子生物学实验室通用的设备监测重组底物中CTD磷酸化的可重现方法,该设备可轻松应用于下游分析,包括免疫印迹和质谱分析。
[背景 ] 真核生物RNA聚合酶II(RNAPII)产生所有蛋白质编码的mRNA,小核,小核仁,和许多微小RNA (杰罗尼莫等,2013;梅菲尔德。等,2016) 。各种机制中规范RNAPII活动要赋予特异性基因表达和促进生物处理工艺。在这些是直接翻译后修饰中RNAPII自己在形式的磷酸化(梅菲尔德等,2016) ,脯氨酰异构(梅菲尔德等,2015) ,甲基化(迪亚斯等人,2015年)和乙酰化(交银施罗德等,2013) 。一些研究最多的修饰是磷酸化的C端结构域RNAPII最大的亚基RPB1中(CTD) ...
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