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Penicillin/Streptomycin

Company: Invitrogen
Catalog#: 15140-122
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Preparation of HeLa Total Membranes and Assay of Lipid-inhibition of Serine Palmitoyltransferase Activity
Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract]  Serine palmitoyltranferase (SPT) is a pyridoxal 5′ phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. SPT activity is homeostatically regulated in response to increased levels of sphingolipids. This homeostatic regulation of SPT is mediated through small ER membrane proteins termed the ORMDLs. Here we describe a procedure to assay ORMDL dependent lipid inhibition of SPT activity. The assay of SPT activity using radiolabeled L-serine was developed from the procedure established by the Hornemann laboratory. The activity of SPT can also be measured using deuterated L-serine but it requires mass spectrometry, which consumes money, time and instrumentation. The ORMDL dependent lipid inhibition of SPT activity can be ... [摘要]  [摘要] 丝氨酸Palmitoyltranferase (SPT)是吡哆醛5 ' 磷酸(PLP)依赖酶催化第一和限速步骤中从头合成鞘脂。SPT活动是Homeostatically调控响应水平的提高鞘脂。这SPT的稳态调节是通过小ER膜蛋白介导称为ORMDLs。在这里,我们描述了一种方法用放射性标记的L-丝氨酸以测定SPT活性的SPT活性。测定的ORMDL依赖性抑制脂质从由规定的程序被开发Hornemann 实验室。 SPT的活性也可以使用氘化的L-丝氨酸进行测定,但需要进行质谱分析,这会耗费金钱,时间和仪器。可以在细胞和无细胞系统中研究ORMDL依赖性脂质对SPT活性的抑制作用。在这里,我们提供了详细的协议来测量存在短链(C8-神经酰胺)或长链神经酰胺(C24-神经酰胺)时SPT活性。该协议的最大优势之一我们通过在HeLa细胞膜中提供外源鞘氨醇和24:1酰基辅酶A通过内源性神经酰胺合酶生成长链神经酰胺来实现这一目标。需要精密的仪器。

[背景 ] 丝氨酸palmit oyltranferase (SPT)是一种多亚基酶是在真核生物和原核生物一些广泛表达(花田等人,1997; Ikushiro 。等人,2001; Hornemann 等人,2007).The ...

FRET Reporter Assays for cAMP and Calcium in a 96-well Format Using Genetically Encoded Biosensors Expressed in Living Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-06-05
[Abstract]  Stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) by hormones and neurotransmitters elicits cellular responses, many of which result from alterations in the concentrations of cytosolic cAMP and Ca2+. Here, we describe a microplate reader fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay that uses the genetically encoded biosensors H188 and YC3.60 so that it is possible to monitor the kinetics with which alterations of [cAMP] or [Ca2+] occur in monolayers or suspensions of living cells exposed to GPCR agonists. This protocol uses HEK293 cell lines doubly transfected with a FRET biosensor and a recombinant GPCR of interest (e.g., glucagon receptors, CCK2 receptors, or NPY2R receptors). The protocol allows for rapid screening of small molecule GPCR ... [摘要]  [摘要] 激素和神经递质刺激G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)引起细胞反应,其中许多是由于胞质cAMP和Ca 2+ 浓度的变化所致。在这里,我们描述了酶标仪的荧光共振能量转移使用遗传编码的生物传感器H188和YC3.60进行FRET)分析,从而可以监测暴露于GPCR激动剂的活细胞的单层或悬浮液中[cAMP]或[Ca 2+ ]发生变化的动力学。该协议使用FRET 生物传感器和感兴趣的重组GPCR 双重转染的HEK293细胞系(例如 ,胰高血糖素受体,CCK 2 受体或NPY2R受体)。该方案可快速筛选小分子GPCR 激动剂和拮抗剂,它还可用于发现具有GPCR活化作用的合成单,双和三激动肽。属性。

[背景] 活细胞荧光共振能量转移(FRET)分析结合显微镜和数字成像技术通常用于监测cAMP和Ca 2+的水平响应GPCR激动剂刺激而波动的动力学。另一种不使用显微镜的方法,而是使用自动荧光分光光度计和活细胞的单层或悬浮液,以96孔格式基于FRET的cAMP和Ca 2+ 的检测。该方案使用基因编码的生物传感器,以实现平均动力学可以在已知浓度应用GPCR激动剂的条件下,使用酶标仪实时获得药理研究数据。这些FRET分析使用稳定表达cAMP生物传感器H188(Klarenbeek 等人,2015 )或Ca的细胞系2+ 生物传感器YC3.60(Nagai ...

Methodology for in vitro Assessment of Human T Cell Activation and Blockade
Author:
Date:
2020-06-05
[Abstract]  Methods to test both the functionality and mechanism of action for human recombinant proteins and antibodies in vitro have been limited by multiple factors. To test the functionality of a recombinant protein or antibody, the receptor, the receptor-associated ligand, or both must be expressed by the cells present within the in vitro culture. While the use of transfected cell lines can circumvent this gap, the use of transfected cell lines does not allow for studying the native signaling pathway(s) modulated by the specific recombinant protein or antibody in primary cells. The present protocol utilizes sort purified CD14+ monocytes and T cells, both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, from healthy donors in a co-culture system. This methodology ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 在体外测试人重组蛋白和抗体的功能和作用机理的方法受到多种因素的限制。要测试重组蛋白或抗体的功能,是受体,受体相关配体或两者它必须由体外培养物中存在的细胞表达,尽管使用转染的细胞系可以规避这一差距,但使用转染的细胞系并不能研究由特定重组蛋白或重组蛋白调控的天然信号通路(S)。抗体原代细胞,本协议利用排序纯化的CD14 Tasu 单核细胞和T细胞,这两种CD4 Tasu T细胞和CD8 Tasu T细胞,从他ALTH Ÿ 的捐助方共培养体系。这种方法特别相关的测试重组镨大肠菌素或抗体,是用于治疗自身免疫性疾病和癌症的推定疗法。目前的研究方案着重于含有B7-H4表达蛋白的共培养物 上皮细胞加上自体CD4 + T细胞或CD8 + T细胞,可以根据用户的特定需求修改方案。

背景 ] 临床使用检查点抑制剂治疗的,例如,抗CTLA-4和抗PD-1,已被证明可用作癌症治疗以增强抗肿瘤的免疫应答(柯伦等人,2010; 顾彬等等人,2014年),尽管在一线治疗失败的患者中获得成功,但仅约20%的接受治疗的患者对检查点抑制剂抗体治疗产生了反应,这种对患者无效的治疗可能是多因素的,也可能反映了特定类型。患者向临床医生提出的癌症( Podojil等人,2020)。肿瘤细胞中存在的肿瘤细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞表达B7- ...

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