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Poly-L-lysine solution

聚-L-赖氨酸溶液

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P4707
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Protocol for the Isolation and Super-resolution dSTORM Imaging of RyR2 in Cardiac Myocytes
Author:
Date:
2018-08-05
[Abstract]  Since its inception, super-resolution microscopy has played an increasingly important role in the discovery and characterization of nanoscale biological structure. dSTORM, which is one of the most commonly applied methods, relies on stochastic photoswitching of fluorophores to recreate a super-resolution image. The cardiac field has particularly benefitted from the application of this technique, as it has enabled sub-diffraction-limit visualization of calcium release units (CRUs) and the fundamental structures that trigger contraction. Acquisition of such images requires careful, reproducible sample preparation, and consistent imaging conditions maintained for the duration of the experiment. Here we present standardized methods for the production of dSTORM images of the Ca2+ ... [摘要]  自成立以来,超分辨率显微镜在纳米级生物结构的发现和表征中发挥着越来越重要的作用。 dSTORM是最常用的方法之一,它依赖于荧光团的随机光切换来重建超分辨率图像。心脏场特别受益于该技术的应用,因为它已经实现了钙释放单元(CRU)的子衍射极限可视化和触发收缩的基本结构。获取这些图像需要仔细,可重复的样品制备,并且在实验期间保持一致的成像条件。在这里,我们提出了生产心肌细胞中Ca 2 + 释放通道Ryanodine Receptor type-2(RyR2)的dSTORM图像的标准化方法。所提出的方案特别关注涉及原发性心肌细胞分离,样品制备和成像的步骤,其中提供了针对实验溶液和显微镜设置的细节。本讨论之后是各种分析技术的概述,以识别集群和CRU中的RyR2组织

【背景】近年来,超分辨率显微镜的普及率迅速提高。已经描述了各种超分辨率技术,其使光学分辨率远低于光的衍射极限,在某些情况下接近可通过电子显微镜获得的光学分辨率。总之,这些技术的出现导致了纳米级生物结构,结构域和蛋白质相互作用的新研究的爆炸式增长。一种流行的超分辨率技术是直接随机光学显微镜(dSTORM),与标准共聚焦显微镜相比,它将相对简单的样品处理的优势与分辨率提高了约10倍(van de Linde ...

Isolation, BODIPY Labeling and Uptake of Exosomes in Hepatic Stellate Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-12-05
[Abstract]  Exosomes have emerged as an important mediator of intercellular communication. They are present in extracellular milieu and therefore, easily accessible by neighboring or distant cells. They carry mRNA, microRNAs and proteins within their vesicles and once internalized by recipient cells; they can modulate multiple signaling pathways with pleiotropic effects from inducing antiviral state to disease progression. We have previously shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected hepatocytes or hepatoma cells harboring genome-length replicon secrete exosomes in culture supernatants. These exosomes are taken up by hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and activate them to induce fibrosis during HCV infection. Here, we describe detailed protocols for exosomes isolation and uptake of BODIPY labeled exosomes ... [摘要]  外来体已经成为细胞间通讯的重要介质。 它们存在于细胞外环境中,因此可以被邻近或远处的细胞轻易获得。 它们在囊泡内携带mRNA,microRNA和蛋白质,并一度被受体细胞内化; 它们可以通过诱导抗病毒状态向疾病进展调节多种信号传导途径,具有多效性。 我们以前已经显示,携带基因组长度复制子的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的肝细胞或肝癌细胞在培养上清液中分泌外泌体。 这些外来体被肝星状细胞(HSC)摄取,并在HCV感染期间激活它们以诱导纤维化。 在这里,我们描述了外来体分离和肝星状细胞摄取BODIPY标记的外来体的详细的协议。

【背景】外来体是直径为40-150nm的小的膜结合的细胞外囊泡。已在所有体液中鉴定出它们,包括尿,羊水,血清,唾液,母乳,脑脊液,鼻分泌物和组织培养的细胞系的上清液中。外泌体通过转移微小RNA(mRNA),mRNA和蛋白质来介导细胞与细胞之间的通讯。 其可被邻近或远处的细胞摄取,并随后促进受体细胞中的信号传导(Schorey等人,2015)。外泌体富含蛋白质,包括四跨膜蛋白家族成员(CD9,CD81,CD63),热休克蛋白(Hsp60,Hsp70,Hsp90)和多泡体蛋白(annexins,RabGTPases和内体分选复合物,蛋白质)。最近的研究表明,外来体可以影响免疫应答(Li等人,2013; ...

Phagocytosis Assay of Necroptotic Cells by Cardiac Myofibroblasts
Author:
Date:
2017-09-20
[Abstract]  In myocardial infarction (MI), a plenty of cardiomyocytes undergo necrosis and necroptosis due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients. The dead cardiomyocytes are promptly engulfed by phagocytes. When the dead cells are not engulfed, the noxious contents of the cells are released outside, and thus, induce inflammation, and obstruct the function of organs. Therefore, phagocytosis is crucial for maintaining homeostasis of organs. Herein, we describe a protocol of an in vitro phagocytosis assay of necroptotic cells. [摘要]  在心肌梗死(MI)中,由于缺氧和营养,大量心肌细胞发生坏死和坏死。 死亡心肌细胞迅速吞噬吞噬细胞。 当死细胞不被吞没时,细胞的有害物质被释放到外部,从而引起炎症,并阻碍器官的功能。 因此,吞噬对维持器官的体内平衡至关重要。 在这里,我们描述了一种神经细胞的体外吞噬作用测定方案。
【背景】以前,认为坏死性坏死细胞和坏死核细胞只能通过心脏巨噬细胞在失败的心脏中消除。 然而,我们发现负责组织纤维化的心脏肌成纤维细胞在MI后吞噬死细胞(Nakaya等,2017)。 本文中,我们提供了一种细胞凋亡细胞的体外吞噬作用的详细方案,采用在caspase-3抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK中通过TNF-α刺激进行人脑坏死的L929细胞。

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