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Mice: C57BL/6

Company: Jackson Laboratories
Catalog#: 664
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A Robust Mammary Organoid System to Model Lactation and Involution-like Processes
Author:
Date:
2021-04-20
[Abstract]  

The mammary gland is a highly dynamic tissue that changes throughout reproductive life, including growth during puberty and repetitive cycles of pregnancy and involution. Mammary gland tumors represent the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of mammary gland development is essential for understanding how dysregulation can lead to breast cancer initiation and progression. Three-dimensional (3D) mammary organoids offer many exciting possibilities for the study of tissue development and breast cancer. In the present protocol derived from Sumbal et al., we describe a straightforward 3D organoid system for the study of lactation and involution ex vivo. We use primary and passaged mouse mammary organoids stimulated with fibroblast growth factor 2

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[摘要]  
[摘要]乳腺是一种高度动态的组织,在整个生殖生活中都会发生变化,包括青春期的生长以及怀孕和进化的重复周期。乳腺肿瘤诊断代表在世界女性最常见的癌症宽。研究的监管机制乳腺的发育是至关重要的理解荷兰国际集团d如何YS调节可导致乳腺癌的发生和发展。三维(3D)乳腺组织体提供了许多令人激动的可能性的研究的组织发育和乳腺癌。在第E存在衍生自协议Sumbal等人,我们描述一个简单的3D类器官系统的研究的泌乳和复古体外。我们使用成纤维细胞生长因子2 (FGF2)和催乳素刺激的原代和传代小鼠乳腺类器官来模拟小鼠乳腺泌乳和内卷过程的三个周期。这种3D模型类器官代表一个有价值的工具来研究后期产后乳腺的发育和乳腺癌,尤其是产后-相关性乳腺癌。


图形摘要:


乳腺类器官的分离和培养程序

[背景技术]的Th e是乳腺的主要功能是提供营养吨经由牛奶产量Ò新生儿。牛逼乳腺他的发展是主要发生在出生后,由几个因素,包括激素和生长因子调控的一个高度动态的过程(Brisken和拉贾拉姆,2006;斯特恩利希特,2006年)。在青春期,激素和生长因子调节基本的胚胎导管树的导管形态发生(Brisken and ...

Tracing Nitrogen Metabolism in Mouse Tissues with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

Nitrogen-containing metabolites including ammonia, amino acids, and nucleotides, are essential for cell metabolism, growth, and neural transmission. Nitrogen metabolism is tightly coordinated with carbon metabolism in the breakdown and biosynthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. Both nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) and liquid chromatography (LC MS) have been used to measure nitrogen metabolism. Here we describe a protocol to trace nitrogen metabolism in multiple mouse tissues using 15N-ammonia coupled with GC MS. This protocol includes detailed procedures in tracer injection, tissue preparation, metabolite extraction, GC MS analysis and natural abundance corrections. This protocol will provide a useful

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[摘要]  [摘要]含氮代谢物,包括氨,氨基酸和核苷酸,对于细胞代谢,生长和神经传递至关重要。在氨基酸和核苷酸的分解和生物合成中,氮代谢与碳代谢紧密相关。核磁共振光谱法和质谱法(包括气相色谱-质谱法(GC MS)和液相色谱法(LC MS))均已用于测量氮代谢。在这里,我们描述了使用15 N氨气与GC MS结合追踪多种小鼠组织中氮代谢的方案。该协议在 包括示踪剂注射,组织制备,代谢物提取,GC MS分析和自然丰度校正的详细程序。该协议将为研究代谢活性组织(例如视网膜,脑,肝和肿瘤)中组织特异性氮提供有用的工具。

[背景]核磁共振波谱法(NMR)和质谱法(包括质谱法(GC MS)和液相色谱法(LC MS))已成功用于各种生物体的全系统代谢物测量(Fiehn,2002和20 1 6; Chokkathukalam等,2014)。但是,每种方法都有其局限性,取决于研究类型,包括绝对定量,代谢物性质,灵敏度,稳健性,同位素分析和成本效益(Chokkathukalam等人,2014)。与NMR相比,基于MS的方法具有更高的灵敏度和代谢物覆盖率,因此更加常用。稳定的同位素标记加上LC MS或GC MS可以灵敏地定量健康和患病组织或细胞中的动态代谢变化(Jang等人,2018)。LC MS与稳定的氮同位素结合揭示了谷氨酰胺氮代谢如何与癌细胞中的碳代谢协调(Wang等人,2019)。GC ...

Measuring Breathing Patterns in Mice Using Whole-body Plethysmography
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  Respiratory dysfunction is among the main cause of severe and fatal pathologies worldwide. The use of effective experimental models and methodologies for the study of the pulmonary pathophysiology is necessary to prevent, control and cure these diseases. Plethysmography, a technique for the assessment of lung function, has been widely applied in mice for the characterization of respiratory physiology. However, classical plethysmography methods present technical limitations such as the use of anesthesia and animal immobilization. Whole-body plethysmography (WBP) avoids these issues providing a non-invasive approach for the assessment of the respiratory function in conscious animals. WBP relies on the recording of pressure changes that are produced by the spontaneous breathing activity of ... [摘要]  [摘要] 呼吸功能障碍是全世界严重和致命病理的主要原因之一。为了预防,控制和治愈这些疾病,必须使用有效的实验模型和方法来研究肺部病理生理。脉搏描记术是一种评估肺功能的技术,已广泛应用于小鼠,以表征呼吸生理。但是,传统的容积描记法存在技术限制,例如使用麻醉和固定动物。全身体积描记法(WBP)避免了这些问题,从而为评估清醒动物的呼吸功能提供了一种非侵入性方法。WBP依靠记录气密性室内放置的动物的自发呼吸活动所产生的压力变化。在正常呼吸过程中,压力变化与动物的呼吸模式成正比,从而可以测量呼吸频率和潮气量。这些参数通常用于评估不同生理和生理状况下的肺功能sease模型。与传统的体积描记法相比,WBP技术可避免动物束缚或使用麻醉,因此可重复进行系列测量。这些关键特征使WBP成为进行纵向研究的合适方法,从而可以评估生理和病理状况下进行性呼吸改变。该协议描述了使用WBP方法测量小鼠呼吸模式的程序,数据分析和结果解释。

[背景] 呼吸系统疾病是导致残疾的主要原因,也是全球范围内的第三大死亡原因。为了应对这些疾病的预防,控制和治疗,需要在该领域进行基础研究(国际呼吸学会论坛,2017)。动物模型,例如鼠模型,由于其特征明确的基因组,改良的基因工程动物,繁殖周期短,成本效益高以及众所周知的免疫系统而在研究中非常有用(Gelfand,2002;Persson, 2002; ...

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