| Improved Macrophage Isolation from Mouse Skeletal Muscle
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Author:
Date:
2021-04-20
[Abstract] Macrophages are a heterogeneous class of innate immune cells that offer a primary line of defense to the body by phagocytizing pathogens, digesting them, and presenting the antigens to T and B cells to initiate adaptive immunity. Through specialized pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities, macrophages also directly contribute to the clearance of infections and the repair of tissue injury. Macrophages are distributed throughout the body and largely carry out tissue-specific functions. In skeletal muscle, macrophages regulate tissue repair and regeneration; however, the characteristics of these macrophages are not yet fully understood, and their involvement in skeletal muscle aging remains to be elucidated. To investigate these functions, it is critical to be able to efficiently ...
[摘要] [摘要]巨噬细胞是异质类,提供防御的在主体上的主线路先天免疫细胞的通过phagocyt定义的病原体,消化荷兰国际集团它们,本荷兰国际集团的抗原的T和B细胞以引发适应性免疫。通过专门的促炎或抗炎活动,巨噬细胞也直接有助于清除感染和修复组织损伤。巨噬细胞分布在全身,并主要执行组织特定功能。在骨骼肌中,巨噬细胞调节组织的修复和再生。H 然而,这些巨噬细胞的特征还没有被完全理解,它们在骨骼肌衰老中的作用还有待阐明。为了研究这些功能,至关重要的是能够有效地从骨骼肌中分离出足够的纯度和产量的巨噬细胞用于各种下游分析。在这里,我们详细描述了一种从小鼠中分离骨骼肌巨噬细胞的优化方法。这种方法已允许的isolat的离子的高纯度CD45 + / CD11b的+从年轻和年老小鼠,其可以进一步用于流巨噬细胞cytometr ÿ分析,荧光激活细胞分选(FACS),和单细胞RNA测序。
[背景] Metchnikoff及其同事在一个多世纪以前发现巨噬细胞为“专业”吞噬细胞(Underhill等,2016)。后来的研究表明,巨噬细胞构成一类异质的细胞,在整个人体的组织中发挥着不同的功能(Wynn等人,2013)。巨噬细胞可分为两种主要类型:组织驻留巨噬细胞和非组织驻留巨噬细胞(Ginhoux和Guilliams ...
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| Isolation of Tumor Cells Based on Their Distance from Blood Vessels
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract] Differential exposure of tumor cells to microenvironmental cues greatly impacts cell phenotypes, raising a need for position based sorting of tumor cells amenable to multiple OMICs and functional analyses. One such key determinant of tumor heterogeneity in solid tumors is its vasculature. Proximity to blood vessels (BVs) profoundly affects tumor cell phenotypes due to differential availability of oxygen, gradient exposure to blood-borne substances and inputs by angiocrine factors. To unravel the whole spectrum of genes, pathways and phenotypes impacted by BVs and to determine spatial domains of vascular influences, we developed a methodology for sorting tumor cells according to their relative distance from BVs. The procedure exemplified here using glioblastoma (GBM) model is based on ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 肿瘤细胞的差分暴露于微环境线索大大IM 协议小号细胞表型,提高基于需要位置的肿瘤细胞的分选适合于多个组学和功能分析。实体瘤中肿瘤异质性的此类关键决定因素之一是其脉管系统。邻近血管(的BV)深刻affec TS 肿瘤细胞表型是由于氧气的可利用性不同,对血源性物质的梯度暴露以及血管分泌因子的输入所致。为了揭示受BV影响的基因,通路和表型的整个谱图,并确定血管影响的空间域,我们开发了一种根据肿瘤细胞与BV的相对距离进行分类的方法。此处使用胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)模型示例的程序基于静脉内注射,自由扩散的荧光染料的差异摄取,该染料允许分离位于适合于后续OMIC和功能分析的不同连续微环境中的无基质肿瘤细胞。这种可靠,易于使用,具有成本效益的策略可以扩展到所有实体瘤,以研究脉管系统的影响或缺乏脉管系统的影响。
[背景 ] 在充足的血液供应肿瘤依赖已经提供了一种用于抗血管生成的癌症治疗的理由(Carmeliet和耆那,2000; Vasudev 等人,2013年)。传统上归因于氧气和其他血源性物质的提供,肿瘤脉管系统在肿瘤生物学中的作用最近扩展到包括由分泌的内皮产生的血管分泌因子施加的非灌注依赖性旁分泌输入(Butler 等人,2010; Beck 等人,2011; Lu 等人,2013),以及通过相互Notch信号传导介导的肿瘤-BV直接接触(Cao ...
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| Flow Cytometry Analysis and Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting of Myeloid Cells from Lung and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Mice
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract] Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted by aerosol and can cause serious bacterial infection in the lung that can be fatal if left untreated. Mtb is now the leading cause of death worldwide by an infectious agent. Characterizing the early events of in vivo infection following aerosol challenge is critical for understanding how innate immune cells respond to infection but is technically challenging due to the small number of bacteria that initially infect the lung. Previous studies either evaluated Mtb-infected cells at later stages of infection when the number of bacteria in the lung is much higher or used in vitro model systems to assess the response of myeloid cells to Mtb. Here, we describe a method that uses fluorescent bacteria, a high-dose aerosol ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)通过气溶胶传播,可引起严重的肺部细菌感染,如果不及时治疗,可能致命。Mtb现在已成为全球传染病致死的主要原因。表征气溶胶激发后体内感染的早期事件对于了解先天免疫细胞如何对感染做出反应至关重要,但由于最初会感染肺的细菌数量少,因此在技术上具有挑战性。先前的研究或者在肺部细菌数量高得多时在感染后期评估Mtb感染的细胞,或者在体外使用 评估骨髓细胞对Mtb反应的模型系统。在这里,我们介绍一种使用荧光细菌,大剂量气溶胶感染模型和流式细胞术跟踪气溶胶感染和荧光激活细胞分选(FACS)之后立即分离肺中Mtb感染细胞的方法,以分离幼稚的旁观者,和Mtb感染的细胞用于下游应用,包括RNA测序。该协议提供了在肺环境中监视Mtb感染和细胞特异性反应的能力,已知该环境可调节常驻和募集人群的功能。使用此协议,我们发现肺泡巨噬细胞通过上调受转录因子Nrf2调节并有害于细菌早期控制的细胞保护性转录反应,在体内对Mtb感染作出反应。
[背景 ] 气溶胶传播是结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)感染自然周期的关键组成部分,有助于细菌的毒性并导致其在肺部的独特感染模式(North ,1995;Riley 等,1995)。 ; Pai et ...
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