| Use of Optogenetic Amyloid-β to Monitor Protein Aggregation in Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio and Caenorhabditis elegans
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Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract] Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) has long been associated with accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques (Aβ) originating from the Amyloid Precursor Protein. Plaques have, however, been discovered in healthy individuals and not all AD brains show plaques, suggesting that extracellular Aβ aggregates may play a smaller role than anticipated. One limitation to studying Aβ peptide in vivo during disease progression is the inability to induce aggregation in a controlled manner. We developed an optogenetic method to induce Aβ aggregation and tested its biological influence in three model organisms–D. melanogaster, C. elegans and D. rerio. We generated a fluorescently labeled, optogenetic Aβ peptide that oligomerizes rapidly in vivo in the presence of blue light ...
[摘要] [摘要]Alzheimer'sdisease（AD）长期以来与淀粉样前体蛋白产生的细胞外淀粉样斑块（Aβ）的积聚有关。然而，在健康人身上发现了斑块，并不是所有的AD大脑都有斑块，这表明细胞外Aβ聚集体的作用可能比预期的要小。在疾病进展过程中研究Aβ肽的一个局限性是无法以可控的方式诱导聚集。我们开发了一种诱导Aβ聚集的光遗传学方法，并在三种模式生物中测试了其生物学效应：D.melanogaster、C.elegans和D.rerio。我们产生了一个荧光标记的，光生的
一种β肽，在所有生物体内，在蓝光存在下迅速寡聚。在这里，我们详细介绍了在动物模型中表达该融合蛋白的程序，使用延时光片显微镜研究对神经系统的影响，并进行代谢分析来测量由于细胞内Aβ聚集而引起的变化。这种方法利用光遗传学来研究AD的病理学，实现了目前任何其他方法都无法实现的体内时空控制。
[背景]阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种衰弱的、与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病（Zhang等人，2011年；De ...
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| Pancreatic Acinar Cell Preparation for Oxygen Consumption and Lactate Production Analysis
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract] Mitochondrial dysfunction is a principal feature of acute pancreatitis (AP) although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. AP precipitants induce Ca2+-dependent formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs), leading to ATP depletion and necrosis. Evaluations of mitochondrial bioenergetics have mainly been performed in isolated PACs using confocal microscopy, with assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential, NADH/FAD+ and ATP levels, coupled with patch-clamp electrophysiology. These studies are technically demanding and time-consuming. Application of Seahorse flux analysis now allows detailed investigations of bioenergetics changes to be performed in cell populations using a multi-well plate-reader ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 线粒体功能障碍是急性胰腺炎（AP）的主要特征，尽管其潜在机制尚不清楚。AP沉淀剂诱导胰腺腺泡细胞（PACs）中线粒体通透性过渡孔（MPTP）的Ca 2+ 依赖性形成，导致ATP耗竭和坏死。线粒体生物能学的评估主要使用共聚焦显微镜在分离的PAC中进行，评估线粒体膜电位，NADH / FAD + 和ATP水平，以及膜片钳电生理学。这些研究在技术上既费时又费力。应用范围 海马通量分析现在允许使用多孔平板阅读器格式对细胞群体中的生物能学变化进行详细研究；耗氧率（OCR）和细胞外酸化率（ECAR）分别提供有关细胞呼吸和糖酵解的重要信息。诸如最大呼吸，ATP关联容量和质子泄漏等参数可以通过应用呼吸功能“压力”测试得出，该测试涉及电子传输链的药理处理。因此，使用Seahorse Flux分析提供了一种快速，方便的方法来测量详细的细胞生物能学，并使结果与其他基于平板读取器的测定法结合使用，从而更全面地了解线粒体生物能学改变的病理生理后果。
[背景 ] 线粒体功能障碍是急性胰腺炎（AP）的核心特征，急性胰腺炎是一种使人衰弱且可能致命的疾病，目前尚无针对性的治疗方法（Criddle，2016； Habtezion ...
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