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Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract] In the last several years, as evidence of a surged number of GPCR-G complex structures, the expressions of GPCRs and G proteins for structural biology have achieved tremendous successes, mostly in insect and mammalian cell systems, resulting in more than 370 structures of over 70 GPCRs have been resolved. However, the challenge remains, particularly in the conformational transition and dynamics study area where a much higher quantity of the receptors and G proteins is required even in comparison to X-ray and cryo-EM (5 mg/ml, 3 μl/sample) when NMR spectroscopy (5 mg/ml, 250 μl /sample) is applied. As a result, the expression levels of the insect and mammalian systems are also difficult to meet this demand, not to mention the prohibitive cost of producing GPCRs and G proteins using ...
[摘要] [摘要]在过去的几年中,作为GPCR-G复杂结构数量激增的证据,用于结构生物学的GPCR和G蛋白的表达已取得了巨大的成功,主要是在昆虫和哺乳动物细胞系统中,导致了370多个已解决了70多个GPCR的结构。但是,挑战仍然存在,特别是在构象转变和动力学研究领域,即使与X射线和冷冻EM相比(5 mg / ml,3μl /样品),也需要大量的受体和G蛋白。当应用NMR光谱法(5 mg / ml,250μl /样品)时。结果,i的表达水平 nsect和哺乳动物系统也很难满足这一需求,更不用说使用绝大多数系统使用这些系统生产GPCR和G蛋白的成本高昂了。因此,需要探索一种具有广泛适用性的有效,负担得起的实用方法。毕赤酵母表达系统已在GPCR制备中显示出其希望,并具有其他真核表达系统无法比拟的许多优点。在该系统中表达的GPCR价格便宜,易于操作,并且能够进行同位素标记。在此,我们提出最近开发并在我们的实验室升级的相关协议,包括表达和纯化的毕赤酵母衍生GPCR以G沿α和G βγ蛋白。我们预期这些协议将促进GPCR及其复合物的构象转变和动力学研究。
[背景] G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)是最大的膜蛋白家族,在许多(病理)生理活动中起着关键作用。GPCR的或它们的效应物的功能障碍会导致各种病症,包括神经变性疾病,癌症,和慢性炎症(Overington等人,2006) ...
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract] It is important to experimentally determine how membrane proteins are integrated into biomembranes to unveil the roles of the integration factors, and to understand the functions and structures of membrane proteins. We have developed a reconstitution system for membrane protein integration in E. coli using purified factors, in which the integration reaction in vivo is highly reproducible. This system enabled not only analysis of membrane-embedded factors including glycolipid MPIase, but also elucidation of the detailed mechanisms underlying membrane protein integration. Using the system, the integration of membrane proteins can be evaluated in vitro through a protease-protection assay. We report here how to prepare (proteo)liposomes and to determine the ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 实验确定膜蛋白如何整合到生物膜中以揭示整合因子的作用,并了解膜蛋白的功能和结构非常重要。我们已经开发了一种重组系统,用于使用纯化因子在大肠杆菌中整合膜蛋白,其中体内的整合反应可高度重现。该系统不仅能够分析包括糖脂MPIase在内的膜嵌入因子,而且能够阐明膜蛋白整合背后的详细机制。使用该系统,可以在体外评估膜蛋白的整合 通过蛋白酶保护测定。我们在这里报告了如何准备(PROTEO )脂质体,并确定膜蛋白结合的活动。
[背景技术 [ 0002 ] 在胞质溶胶中合成的膜蛋白和分泌蛋白分别被整合到生物膜中并跨生物膜转运,以定位在它们的目的地并表达其功能。细胞拥有将膜蛋白整合到生物膜中并使其分泌的蛋白跨生物膜的系统,这些蛋白通常从细菌到高级真核生物都是保守的。
在一种模式生物大肠杆菌中,通过遗传方法鉴定了一些整合因子,这些因子包括SloSecYEG (Newitt和Bernstein,1998),信号识别颗粒(SRP)及其受体SR (Ulbrandt 等,1997)。,和膜蛋白插入酶/分子伴侣YidC (Samuelson et al。,2000)。这些基因研究得到了生化方法的补充。使用体外系统对膜蛋白整合的分子机制进行了广泛的研究,其中蛋白质整合反应在试管中进行。
倒膜囊泡(INV)可通过用French ...
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