| Rapid and Simplified Induction of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NSCs/NPCs) and Neurons from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs)
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Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract] Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their progeny displaying tissue-specific characteristics have paved the way for regenerative medicine and research in various fields such as the elucidation of the pathological mechanism of diseases and the discovery of drug candidates. iPSC-derived neurons are particularly valuable as it is difficult to analyze neural cells obtained from the central nervous system in humans. For neuronal induction with iPSCs, one of the commonly used approaches is the isolation and expansion of neural rosettes, following the formation of embryonic bodies (EBs). However, this process is laborious, inefficient, and requires further purification of the cells. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an efficient neural induction method that allows for ...
[摘要] [摘要]人类诱导的多能干细胞(iPSC)及其后代具有组织特异性,为再生医学的研究铺平了道路,并在疾病的病理机制阐明和候选药物的发现等领域进行了研究。iPSC集-来源的神经元是特别有价值的,因为它是难以分析神经细胞获自人类的中枢神经系统。对于用iPSC诱导神经元,最常用的方法之一是在形成胚体(EB)之后分离和扩展神经玫瑰花结。然而,该过程费力,效率低下,并且需要进一步纯化细胞。为了克服这些限制,我们已经开发出一种高效神经诱导方法,该方法允许来自于7天内的iPSC神经干/祖细胞(NSCs / NPC的)的产生和功能的成熟神经元的。我们的方法产生一个PAX6 -阳性同质细胞群中,皮质神经干细胞/ NPC的,和t他所得的NSCs / NPC的可冷冻保存,膨胀,并分化在功能性成熟神经元。此外,我们的协议将比其他方法便宜,因为该协议在神经诱导期间需要较少的神经补充。本文还介绍了FM1 - 43成像测定法中,其是用于所述的iPSC衍生的突触前评估中有用的人类神经元。该协议为生成NSC / NPC和神经元提供了一种快速且简化的方法,使研究人员能够建立体外细胞模型来研究脑部疾病的病理学。
[背景]人类iPSC于2007年通过使用四种转录因子(Oct4,Sox2,Klf4和c-Myc)对皮肤成纤维细胞进行重编程而首次建立,并且表现出与胚胎干细胞(ESCs)相似的特征,包括其多能性和自我-更新(Takahashi等,2007; ...
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| In vitro Assay for Bacterial Membrane Protein Integration into Proteoliposomes
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract] It is important to experimentally determine how membrane proteins are integrated into biomembranes to unveil the roles of the integration factors, and to understand the functions and structures of membrane proteins. We have developed a reconstitution system for membrane protein integration in E. coli using purified factors, in which the integration reaction in vivo is highly reproducible. This system enabled not only analysis of membrane-embedded factors including glycolipid MPIase, but also elucidation of the detailed mechanisms underlying membrane protein integration. Using the system, the integration of membrane proteins can be evaluated in vitro through a protease-protection assay. We report here how to prepare (proteo)liposomes and to determine the ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 实验确定膜蛋白如何整合到生物膜中以揭示整合因子的作用,并了解膜蛋白的功能和结构非常重要。我们已经开发了一种重组系统,用于使用纯化因子在大肠杆菌中整合膜蛋白,其中体内的整合反应可高度重现。该系统不仅能够分析包括糖脂MPIase在内的膜嵌入因子,而且能够阐明膜蛋白整合背后的详细机制。使用该系统,可以在体外评估膜蛋白的整合 通过蛋白酶保护测定。我们在这里报告了如何准备(PROTEO )脂质体,并确定膜蛋白结合的活动。
[背景技术 [ 0002 ] 在胞质溶胶中合成的膜蛋白和分泌蛋白分别被整合到生物膜中并跨生物膜转运,以定位在它们的目的地并表达其功能。细胞拥有将膜蛋白整合到生物膜中并使其分泌的蛋白跨生物膜的系统,这些蛋白通常从细菌到高级真核生物都是保守的。
在一种模式生物大肠杆菌中,通过遗传方法鉴定了一些整合因子,这些因子包括SloSecYEG (Newitt和Bernstein,1998),信号识别颗粒(SRP)及其受体SR (Ulbrandt 等,1997)。,和膜蛋白插入酶/分子伴侣YidC (Samuelson et al。,2000)。这些基因研究得到了生化方法的补充。使用体外系统对膜蛋白整合的分子机制进行了广泛的研究,其中蛋白质整合反应在试管中进行。
倒膜囊泡(INV)可通过用French ...
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