| Production and Isolation of Magnetic Protein Crystals in HEK293T Cells
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] Advances in protein engineering have enabled the production of self-assembled protein crystals within living cells. Our recent publication demonstrates the production of ftn-PAK4, which is a ferritin-containing crystal that can mineralize iron and become magnetic when isolated. We have developed an optimized protocol for the production and isolation of PAK4-based crystals. The crystals are first grown in low-passage HEK293T cells, released using a lysis buffer containing NP-40 and DNase, and collected under careful centrifugation conditions. Our protocol maximizes the purity and yield of crystals and is quick and straightforward.
[摘要] [摘要] 蛋白质工程的进展已使活细胞内产生自组装的蛋白质晶体。我们的最新出版物证明了ftn-PAK4的生产,它是一种含铁蛋白的晶体,在分离时可以矿化铁并成为磁性。我们已经开发出用于生产和分离基于PAK4的晶体的优化协议。晶体首先在低传代的HEK293T细胞中生长,使用含有NP-40和DNase的裂解缓冲液释放,并在仔细的离心条件下收集。我们的协议可最大程度地提高晶体的纯度和收率,并且操作简便快捷。
[背景] 近来的作品曾报道的“生产和隔离在纤维素的” 晶体通过蛋白在活细胞中的异源表达。这些晶体具有多种应用,例如货物运输(Ijiri 等,2009)或X射线结构测定(Baska ran 和Ang ,2015)。晶体的性质而变化,但它们通常相对于相当大的是对细胞,范围从1-2 微米到数百微米的大小(圣豪等人,2015) 。在我们最近的工作中,我们修改了inka-PAK4晶体以创建ftn-PAK4,该ftn-PAK4是一种含铁蛋白的晶体,可以矿化足够的铁以吸引附近的永磁体(Li 等,2019)。
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| Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts to Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract] Ectopic expression of transcription factor combinations has been recently demonstrated to reprogram differentiated somatic cells towards the dendritic cell (DC) lineage without reversion to a multipotent state. DCs have the ability to induce potent and long-lasting adaptive immune responses. In particular, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) excel on antigen cross-presentation, a critical step for inducing CD8+ T cell cytotoxic responses. The rarity of naturally occurring cDC1s and lack of in vitro methodologies for the generation of pure cDC1 populations strongly hinders the study of cDC1 lineage specification and function. Here, we describe a protocol for the generation of induced DCs (iDCs) by lentiviral-mediated expression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8 and ...
[摘要] [摘要] 转录因子组合的异位表达最近被证明可以将分化的体细胞重编程为树突状细胞(DC)谱系,而不会回复到多能状态。DC具有诱导有效和持久的适应性免疫应答的能力。在特定的常规类型1的DC(cDC1s)练成抗原交叉呈递,用于诱导CD8的关键步骤+ T细胞的细胞毒性应答。天然存在的cDC1的稀有性和缺乏用于生成纯cDC1群体的体外方法论,严重阻碍了对cDC1谱系规格和功能的研究。在这里,我们描述了用于生成感应DC(iDC)的协议 慢病毒介导的转录因子PU.1,IRF8和BATF3在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中的表达。iDC 在9天内获得DC形态,cDC1表型和转录特征。使用此协议生成的iDC 具有对炎症刺激,吞噬死细胞,将抗原加工并交叉呈递给CD8 + T细胞的功能。DC重新编程提供了一个简单易处理的系统,可以生成大量的cDC1类细胞用于高内涵筛选,从而开辟了新途径,可以更好地了解cDC1的规格和功能。将来,在成纤维细胞中忠实诱导cDC1命运可能会导致产生患者特定的疫苗接种DC。
[背景技术树突状细胞(DC)是专业的抗原呈递细胞,专门用于识别,加工和呈递T细胞抗原,在诱导适应性免疫应答和免疫记忆中起关键作用(Me rad 等,2013)。DC可以分为4个主要子集:浆细胞样DC(pDC ),大量1型干扰素的产生者,循环单核细胞衍生的单核细胞衍生DC 和常规DC(cDC ...
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| Spatial Image Correlation Spectroscopy (ICS): A Technique for Average Size Determination of Subcellular Accumulated Structures from Fluorescence Microscopic Images
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract] Size determination of subcellular structures such as inclusion bodies (IBs) and granules from fluorescent images is important for identification and structural characterization. However, it is often time-consuming just for the comparison of the average size of the structures. Here, we introduce a high-throughput procedure to represent the average size of structures in fluorescent images using Spatial Image Correlation Spectroscopy (SICS). This procedure provides an easier comparison of bodies and granular structures such as inclusion bodies (IBs) including misfolded protein aggregation, granules containing RNA (e.g., stress granules and processing bodies).
[摘要] [摘要] 从荧光图像中确定亚细胞结构(如包涵体(IBs)和颗粒)的尺寸确定对于鉴定和结构表征很重要。然而,它往往是耗费时间只是在结构的平均尺寸的比较。在这里,我们介绍了一种高通量程序,可以使用空间图像相关光谱(SICS)表示荧光图像中结构的平均大小。该程序使物体和颗粒结构的比较容易,例如包含错误折叠的蛋白质聚集的包涵体(IBs),包含RNA的颗粒(例如,应力颗粒和加工体)。
[背景] 包涵体(IBs)经常在神经退行性疾病患者的神经元中,甚至在健康生物体的细胞中也观察到(Ross和Poirier,2004; Anderson和Kedersha,2006; Kitamura 等,2015)。包括错误折叠的蛋白质聚集的IB是神经退行性疾病的标志。确定此类IB的大小对于识别和表征IB非常重要。通常使用荧光蛋白和/或免疫荧光来观察IB和亚细胞结构,因为荧光标记针对感兴趣的结构提供了理想的特异性以对抗背景中的低信号(Kitamura和Kinjo,2018)。为了确定荧光图像中亚细胞结构(如IB)的大小,已使用图像分析软件(例如ImageJ,Fiji,Metamorph 等)直接测量了结构的半径和面积。在此过程中,有必要设计一种能够准确反映特定结构尺寸的遮罩,对于研究人员来说,设计能够正确区分结构边缘的遮罩有时并不容易。ALTH Ô ...
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