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Goat anti-Rabbit AlexaFluor 488

Company: Life Technologies
Catalog#: A11034
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In vitro Measurement of Membrane Attack Complex in RPE Cells
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

Initiation of the complement system results in the formation of a multiprotein pore termed the membrane attack complex (MAC, C5b-C9). MAC pores accumulate on a cell surface and can result in cell lysis. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single monolayer of pigmented epithelial cells located at the posterior poll of the eye that forms the outer blood retinal barrier. RPE cells are highly polarized with apical microvilli and basolateral contact with Bruch’s membrane. In order to obtain biologically relevant polarized RPE cultures in vitro, RPE cells are seeded onto the apical side of a transwell filter and cultured for 4 weeks in low serum media. MAC formation on RPE cells has been reported to be sub-lytic. MAC formation can be achieved in vitro by introduction of normal human

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[摘要]  [摘要]补体系统的启动导致形成称为膜攻击复合物(MAC,C5b-C9)的多蛋白孔。MAC孔积聚在细胞表面,可导致细胞裂解。视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)是位于眼那种形式的后轮询色素上皮细胞的单个单层š外血视网膜屏障。RPE细胞高度极化,顶端微绒毛和与Bruch膜的基底外侧接触。为了在体外获得生物学上相关的极化RPE培养物,将RPE细胞接种到Transwell滤膜的顶端,并在低血清培养基中培养4周。MAC形成Ò Ñ据报道,RPE细胞是亚裂解的。通过在血清饥饿24小时后向培养基中引入正常人血清(NHS),可以在体外实现MAC的形成。NHS包含启动补体激活和MAC形成所需的所有血清补体蛋白。我们结合了体外RPE极化和补体激活,以利用共聚焦显微镜在体外可视化MAC形成,从而实现了高分辨率MAC成像。


[背景]补体系统是一种进化保守的先天免疫途径。补体激活存在三种主要的独立但重叠的途径,它们在C3转化酶,经典途径,凝集素途径和替代途径中收敛。在经典途径中,免疫复合物(抗原-抗体复合物)通过C1q亚成分结合C1,然后C1s蛋白酶亚基裂解补体因子C4和C2。这些片段(C4bC2b)形成酶复合物“ ...

Generation, Analyzing and in-vivo Drug Treatment of Drosophila Models with IBMPFD
Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract]  Missense mutations of p97/cdc48/Valosin-containing protein (VCP) cause inclusion body myopathy, Paget disease with frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. The pathological mechanism of IBMPFD is not clear and there is no treatment. We generated Drosophila models of IBMPFD in adult flight muscle in vivo. Here we describe a variety of assays to characterize disease pathology and dissect disease mechanism, and the consequences of in vivo feeding of VCP inhibitors. [摘要]  [ 摘要] p97 / cdc48 / Valosin 含蛋白(VCP)的错义突变导致包涵体肌病,额颞叶痴呆的Paget病(IBMPFD)和其他神经退行性疾病。IBMPFD的病理机制尚不清楚,也没有治疗方法。我们生成了在成人体内飞行肌肉中IBMPFD的果蝇模型。在这里,我们描述了各种测定方法,以表征疾病病理和解剖疾病机制,以及体内VCP抑制剂的喂养后果。

[ 背景] VCP / p97 突变导致包涵体肌病,骨骼的Paget病和额颞叶性痴呆(IBMPFD),这是以常染色体显性方式在包括脑,肌肉和骨骼在内的多个系统中退化的疾病(Watts 等人,2004年) )。VCP的突变还与1-2%的散发性肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)以及遗传性痉挛性截瘫和Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2神经病有关(Abramzon 等,2012; de Bot 等,2012; Gonzalez 等,2014)。R155H突变是患者中最常见的突变,而具有A232E突变的个体具有最严重的临床表现(Kimonis 等,2008a; Ritson 等,2010)。90%的IBMPFD患者出现肌病,这是最早的症状(Weihl 等,2009)。50%的患者会发展成佩吉特氏骨病,影响头骨,脊柱,臀部和长骨。三分之一的患者发生额颞叶痴呆(Kimonis 等,2008b; Weihl ...

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