| Optogenetic Tuning of Protein-protein Binding in Bilayers Using LOVTRAP
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract] Modern microscopy methods are powerful tools for studying live cell signaling and biochemical reactions, enabling us to observe when and where these reactions take place from the level of a cell down to single molecules. With microscopy, each cell or molecule can be observed both before and after a given perturbation, facilitating better inference of cause and effect than is possible with destructive modes of signaling quantitation. As many inputs to cell signaling and biochemical systems originate as protein-protein interactions near the cell membrane, an outstanding challenge lies in controlling the timing, location and the magnitude of protein-protein interactions in these unique environments. Here, we detail our procedure for manipulating such spatial and temporal protein-protein ...
[摘要] [摘要] 现代显微镜方法是研究活细胞信号转导和生化反应的强大工具,使我们能够观察这些反应的时间和位置,从细胞水平到单个分子。利用显微镜,可以在给定的扰动之前和之后观察每个细胞或分子,比起破坏性的信号定量方法,可以更好地推断因果关系。由于细胞信号传导和生化系统的许多输入源于细胞膜附近的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用,因此一个巨大的挑战在于控制时间,位置 以及这些独特环境中蛋白质与蛋白质相互作用的程度。在这里,我们详细介绍了在封闭的显微镜系统中使用这种基于时空的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用系统,在支持的脂质双分子层上使用基于LOVTRAP的光反应性蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用系统的程序。系统可以在几秒钟内做出响应,并且可以将细节图案化到1微米级别。我们使用了该技术来解锁T细胞信号传导的基本方面,并且该方法可推广到许多其他细胞信号传导和生化环境。
背景技术细胞信号传导和细胞生物学中的问题通常集中在细胞如何感知和响应其环境上。进行这些细胞决定的信号级联反应包含的蛋白质可以在几秒钟到几分钟的时间内将纳米级移动到微米级。某些常用方法,例如蛋白质印迹,qPCR ...
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| Preparation and Characterization of Ginger Lipid-derived Nanoparticles for Colon-targeted siRNA Delivery
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] Synthetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery system is widely known for its ability to increase the efficacy and specificity of loaded drugs, but it often suffers from relatively higher immunotoxicity and higher costs as compared to traditional drug formulations. Contrarily, plant-derived nanoparticles appear to be free from these limitations of synthetic nanoparticles; they are naturally occurring biocompatible vesicles that do not generate immunotoxicity and are easy to obtain. Additionally, lipids isolated from plant-derived nanoparticles have shown the capability of assembling themselves to spherical nano-sized liposomal particles. Herein, we employ lipids extracted from ginger-derived nanoparticles and load them with therapeutic siRNA (CD98-siRNA) to create CD98-siRNA/ginger-lipid ...
[摘要] [摘要 ]基于合成纳米颗粒的药物递送系统以其增加所载药物的功效和特异性的能力而广为人知,但是与传统药物制剂相比,它经常遭受相对较高的免疫毒性和较高的成本。相反,植物来源的纳米粒子似乎不受合成纳米粒子的这些限制;它们是天然存在的生物相容性囊泡,不会产生免疫毒性并且易于获得。另外,从植物来源的纳米颗粒分离的脂质已显示出将其自身组装成球形纳米尺寸脂质体颗粒的能力。在本文中,我们采用从生姜纳米颗粒中提取的脂质,并用治疗性siRNA(CD98-siRNA)加载脂质,以创建CD98-siRNA /生姜脂质纳米颗粒。CD98-siRNA /姜脂脂质纳米颗粒的表征显示它们呈球形,直径约为189.5 nm。纳米颗粒的表面ζ电势在-18.1至-18.4mV之间变化。此外,在最近的研究中,CD98-siRNA /姜脂纳米颗粒在右旋糖酐硫酸钠(DSS)诱发的结肠炎小鼠模型中显示出特定的结肠靶向能力和出色的抗炎功效。
[背景 ] 小干扰RNA(siRN As)是一种有前途的治疗剂,可以通过沉默异常上调的信使RNA(mRNA)来治疗各种疾病(Nikam and Gore ,2018)。尽管siRNA的有效性,安全有效地将siRNA递送至治疗靶标仍然是一项艰巨的任务(Tatiparti et al ...
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| Isolation of Lipid Rafts from Cultured Mammalian Cells and Their Lipidomics Analysis
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract] Lipid rafts are distinct liquid-ordered domains of plasma membranes of most eukaryotic cells providing platform for signaling pathways. Lipid composition of rafts is critical for their structural integrity and for regulation of signaling pathways originating from rafts. Here we provide a protocol to isolate lipid rafts from cultured human and animal cells and comprehensively analyse their lipid composition.
[摘要] [摘要]脂质筏是大多数真核细胞浆膜中独特的液态有序域,为信号传导途径提供平台。脂质筏的脂质组成对其结构的完整性和对源自脂质筏的信号传导途径的调节至关重要。在这里,我们提供了一个协议,从培养的人和动物细胞分离脂质筏,并全面分析其脂质组成。 关键词脂质筏,脂质,脂质组学,胆固醇,膜
[背景]脂质筏是细胞膜中独特的富含胆固醇和鞘氨醇的结构,浸入液态无序的周围膜中(Lingwood和Simons,2010年)。它们提供了一个"坚实"的平台,在空间上组织各种信号传导途径的元素,以及外泌和内吞机制。脂筏的功能特性由脂筏脂质和蛋白质之间的相互作用决定。脂筏脂质组成的变化,无论是生理性的还是病理性的,都会对源自脂筏的途径的活性产生惊人的后果,并代表了其调节的一个重要的、未被充分重视的层面。脂质筏的分离因其动态性和异质性而变得复杂。基于它们对洗涤剂的抵抗力的筏子分离的方法一直受到批评(高斯 et al., 2005)。在这里,我们描述了一个无洗涤剂的方法,用于分离脂筏和建立他们的脂质组成,使用综合脂质组学分析。最近发表了一个使用该协议的例子(Mukhamedova等人,2019)。
第一部分:脂质筏的分离
下面描述的协议是用来从RAW ...
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