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Agarose

Company: Sigma
Catalog#: A9539
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Measurements of Root Colonized Bacteria Species
Author:
Date:
2021-04-05
[Abstract]  

Root-associated bacteria are able to influence plant fitness and vigor. A key step in understanding the belowground plant-bacteria interactions is to quantify root colonization by the bacteria of interest. Probably, genetic engineering with fluorescence markers is the most powerful way to monitor bacterial strains in plant. However, this could have some collateral problems and some strains can be challenging to label. In this sense, bacterial inoculation under properly controlled conditions can enable reliable and reproducible quantification of natural bacterial strains. In this protocol, we describe a detailed procedure for quantification of root-associated bacteria. This method applies non-aggressive samples processed with morphological identification and PCR-based genetic

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[摘要]  [摘要]根系相关细菌能够影响植物的健康和活力。理解地下植物与细菌相互作用的关键步骤是量化目标细菌的根定植。也许,用荧光标记基因工程是监测植物细菌菌株的最有力的方式,但是这可能有一些担保的问题,有些菌株可被有挑战性的标签。从这个意义上说,在适当控制的条件下接种细菌可以对天然细菌菌株进行可靠且可重复的定量。在此协议中,我们描述了用于定量根相关细菌的详细程序。此方法适用于非侵略性样本处理编 形态鉴定和基于PCR的遗传指纹图谱。这种易于遵循的方案适用于研究在人工培养基或土壤中生长的植物的细菌定植。

[背景] :植物中天然活与在根际,这是指土壤附着在根的薄层各种土壤细菌。虽然有些根瘤菌对植物没有可观察到的作用,但其他根瘤菌是引起有害作用的病原体或促进植物活力的生长性根瘤菌(PGPR)(Mendes等人,2013; Olanrewaju等人,2019)。细菌病原体或PGPR影响植物生长的能力与其细菌根定殖水平紧密相关。因此,细菌根定殖的研究是了解地下植物与细菌相互作用的重要踏脚石。

可以通过可视化荧光信号来评估细菌菌株的丰度,方法是对其进行修饰以表达编码诸如GFP的荧光蛋白的转基因标记基因(Rochat等,2010; Krzyzanowska等,2012; Saad等,2018)。 ...

Screening Method for CRISPR/Cas9 Inhibition of a Human DNA Virus: Herpes Simplex Virus
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  The efficiency of cleavage of individual CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNAs remains difficult to predict based on the CRISPR target sequence alone. Different intracellular environments (dependent on cell type or cell cycle state for example) may affect sgRNA efficiency by altering accessibility of genomic DNA through DNA modifications such as epigenetic marks and DNA-binding proteins (e.g., histones) as well as alteration of the chromatin state of genomic DNA within the nucleus.

We recently reported a multi-step screening method for the identification of efficient sgRNAs targeting the Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) genome and reported a differential mechanism for viral inhibition by CRISPR-Cas9 in the latent versus lytic phase. The screening platform detailed in this protocol allows ...
[摘要]  [摘要 ] 单独基于CRISPR靶序列仍难以预测单个CRISPR / Cas9-sgRNA的切割效率。不同的细胞内环境(例如,取决于细胞类型或细胞周期状态)可能会通过DNA修饰(例如表观遗传标记和DNA结合蛋白(例如组蛋白))和染色质状态的改变来改变基因组DNA的可及性,从而影响sgRNA效率。核内基因组DNA的标记。

我们recen TLY 报道的多步骤方法筛选用于有效sgRNAs靶向的识别的单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)的基因组,并报告为在潜对裂解病毒相抑制CRISPR-Cas9的差动机构。该协议中详述的筛选平台允许在无细胞系统中以及在病毒靶细胞(例如人包皮成纤维细胞)的背景下逐步测试切割效率,然后对CRISPR / sgRNA的作用进行功能测试病毒蛋白的表达,复制,和再活化。该策略可以容易地应用于其他靶细胞,例如多能干细胞衍生的人感觉神经元或其他人DNA病毒。

背景 ] 单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)是的一种嗜神经性DNA病毒疱疹病毒科家族引起终身和无法治愈感染在大多数人群的,并可能导致显著发病率和死亡率(Liesegang环等人,1989; Roizman 等人。,2013) ...

Generation and in Planta Functional Analysis of Potato Virus Y mutants
Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract]  Potato virus Y (PVY), the type member of the genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae), is the most widespread virus affecting potato and is included in the top five most economically detrimental plant viruses. Recently, the structure of the PVY virion has been determined by cryo-electron microscopy, which has opened the doors to functional studies that explore the involvement of selected amino acids in different stages of the viral cycle. The only way to functionally challenge in planta the role of particular amino acids in the coat protein of PVY, or in other viral proteins, is by using cDNA clones. The use and manipulation of PVY cDNA clones, unlike those of other potyviruses, has been traditionally impaired by the toxicity that certain sequences within the PVY ... [摘要]   [摘要] 马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)是马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus,Potyvirus,Potyvirus科)的模式成员,是危害马铃薯最广泛的病毒之一,被列为最具经济危害性的五大植物病毒之一。最近,低温电子显微镜技术已经确定了PVY病毒离子的结构,这为功能性研究打开了大门,可以探索在病毒周期的不同阶段中所选择的氨基酸的参与。唯一能在植物体内挑战PVY外壳蛋白或其它病毒蛋白中特定氨基酸的作用的方法是使用cDNA克隆。与其他马铃薯Y病毒不同,PVY cDNA克隆的使用和操作一直受到PVY基因组中某些序列对大肠杆菌的毒性的影响。在这里,我们描述了一个已发表的PVY cDNA克隆,它含有克服上述毒性的内含子,以探索不同外壳蛋白修饰对病毒感染的影响。该方案包括在大肠杆菌中操作cDNA克隆,用构建的克隆对植物进行生物接种,观察对植物的生物学效应,通过逆转录定量PCR对cDNA克隆进行定量,并通过透射电镜证实病毒离子的形成。未来的可能性包括使用荧光蛋白报告者标记的PVY cDNA克隆,以进一步深入了解外壳蛋白突变对PVY病毒离子细胞间运动的影响。

[背景] ...

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