| Rapid and Simplified Induction of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NSCs/NPCs) and Neurons from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs)
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Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract] Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their progeny displaying tissue-specific characteristics have paved the way for regenerative medicine and research in various fields such as the elucidation of the pathological mechanism of diseases and the discovery of drug candidates. iPSC-derived neurons are particularly valuable as it is difficult to analyze neural cells obtained from the central nervous system in humans. For neuronal induction with iPSCs, one of the commonly used approaches is the isolation and expansion of neural rosettes, following the formation of embryonic bodies (EBs). However, this process is laborious, inefficient, and requires further purification of the cells. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an efficient neural induction method that allows for ...
[摘要] [摘要]人类诱导的多能干细胞（iPSC）及其后代具有组织特异性，为再生医学的研究铺平了道路，并在疾病的病理机制阐明和候选药物的发现等领域进行了研究。iPSC集-来源的神经元是特别有价值的，因为它是难以分析神经细胞获自人类的中枢神经系统。对于用iPSC诱导神经元，最常用的方法之一是在形成胚体（EB）之后分离和扩展神经玫瑰花结。然而，该过程费力，效率低下，并且需要进一步纯化细胞。为了克服这些限制，我们已经开发出一种高效神经诱导方法，该方法允许来自于7天内的iPSC神经干/祖细胞（NSCs / NPC的）的产生和功能的成熟神经元的。我们的方法产生一个PAX6 -阳性同质细胞群中，皮质神经干细胞/ NPC的，和t他所得的NSCs / NPC的可冷冻保存，膨胀，并分化在功能性成熟神经元。此外，我们的协议将比其他方法便宜，因为该协议在神经诱导期间需要较少的神经补充。本文还介绍了FM1 - 43成像测定法中，其是用于所述的iPSC衍生的突触前评估中有用的人类神经元。该协议为生成NSC / NPC和神经元提供了一种快速且简化的方法，使研究人员能够建立体外细胞模型来研究脑部疾病的病理学。
[背景]人类iPSC于2007年通过使用四种转录因子（Oct4，Sox2，Klf4和c-Myc）对皮肤成纤维细胞进行重编程而首次建立，并且表现出与胚胎干细胞（ESCs）相似的特征，包括其多能性和自我-更新（Takahashi等，2007； ...
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| A 3D Skin Melanoma Spheroid-Based Model to Assess Tumor-Immune Cell Interactions
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Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract] Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids have the potential to bridge the gap between two-dimensional (2D) monolayer tumor cell cultures and solid tumors with which they share a significant degree of similarity. However, the progression of solid tumors is often influenced by the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between tumor and immune cells. Here we present a 3D tumor spheroid-based model that might shed new light on understanding the mechanisms of tumor and immune cell interactions. The model first utilizes the hanging drop assay, which serves as one of the simplest methods for generating 3D spheroids and requires no specialized equipment. Next, pre-established spheroids can be co-cultured either directly or indirectly with an immune cell population of interest. Using skin melanoma, we ...
[摘要] [摘要]三维（3D）肿瘤球体具有弥合二维（2D）单层肿瘤细胞培养物与实体瘤之间的差距的潜力，它们之间有着显着的相似性。然而，实体瘤的进展通常受肿瘤与免疫细胞之间的动态相互作用和相互影响的影响。在这里，我们提出了一个基于3D肿瘤球体的模型，该模型可能会为了解肿瘤与免疫细胞相互作用的机制提供新的思路。的该模型首先利用了悬滴法，这是生成3D球体的最简单方法之一，不需要专门的设备。接下来，可以将预先建立的球体与目标免疫细胞群体直接或间接共培养。使用皮肤黑色素瘤，我们提供了该模型的详细说明，这可能对成功治疗策略的开发具有重要意义。
[背景]三维（3D）肿瘤球体是球形的自组装肿瘤细胞聚集体，类似于微转移瘤并复制实体瘤的许多特征。就像在无血管实体瘤的非增生区域一样，球体内部区域的肿瘤细胞通常表现出扰动的基因和蛋白质表达，新陈代谢改变，细胞周期停滞和坏死（Sant and Johnston ，2017）。但是，用于生成3D椭球体的大多数当前可用技术是耗时，困难和昂贵的。一种简单，快速，简便的生成3D球体的方法是使用悬滴法（Foty ...
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| Assessing in vitro and in vivo Trogocytosis By Murine CD4+ T cells
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-05
[Abstract] Recognition of antigens by lymphocytes (B, T, and NK) on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) leads to lymphocyte activation and the formation of an immunological synapse between the lymphocyte and the APC. At the immunological synapse APC membrane and associated membrane proteins can be transferred to the lymphocyte in a process called trogocytosis. The detection of trogocytosed molecules provides insights to the activation state, antigen specificity, and effector functions and differentiation of the lymphocytes. Here we outline our protocol for identifying trogocytosis-positive CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, antigen presenting cells are surface biotinylated and pre-loaded with magnetic polystyrene beads before incubating for ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 抗原呈递细胞（APC）表面的淋巴细胞（B，T和NK）识别抗原会导致淋巴细胞活化并在淋巴细胞和APC之间形成免疫突触。在免疫突触处APC膜和相关的膜蛋白可以转移调用Trogocytosis到淋巴细胞的过程。检测Trogocytosed分子提供见解的激活状态，抗原特异性和效应器功能和差异的淋巴细胞。这里我们列出了我们的协议，用于识别Trogocytosis CD4阳性Tasu 性T细胞在体外和体内。体外，抗原呈递细胞是表面 生物素化并预装磁性聚苯乙烯珠，然后与体外活化的CD4 + T细胞胚细胞（90分钟）或幼稚T细胞（3-24小时）短时间孵育。阳性（trog + ）细胞可通过链霉亲和素染色来筛选经生物素化的经转钙蛋白的APC膜蛋白，然后立即或在随后的孵育后通过流式细胞仪分析其激活表型，效应子功能和效应子的分化，例如，可以鉴定出嗜光细胞的阳性细胞。以前的研究已经描述了分析T细胞嗜光性的方法，以鉴定抗原特异性细胞或被细胞识别的抗原表位。使用当前方案，嗜光性对单个T细胞的影响或能力trog + T细胞调节其他免疫细胞的激活和功能的能力可在一个扩展范围内进行评估 ed时间段。
[背景 ] Trogocytosis是质膜和膜相关分子的细胞间转移。这种现象已在免疫细胞相互作用的分析中得到了广泛研究，并已观察到包括向CD4 +的转移（Wetzel 等，2005； ...
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