| Ex vivo Culture Assay Using Human Hair Follicles to Study Circadian Characteristics
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Author:
Date:
2020-06-05
[Abstract] Ex vivo culture assays of biopsy specimens are advantageous for the experimental evaluation of human circadian characteristics. We developed a simple and non-invasive experimental evaluation method for monitoring the expression of circadian clock genes in an ex vivo culture assay using human hair follicles. This method imposes little burden on subjects. This assay is useful for validating correlations between circadian characteristics in hair follicles and intrinsic characteristics observed in physiological and behavioral studies. While they should be further validated, this ex vivo method constitutes a useful tool for estimating in vivo circadian characteristics.
[摘要] [摘要] 活检标本的体外培养测定法有利于人体昼夜节律特征的实验评估。我们开发了一种简单而无创的实验评估方法,用于监测人发体外培养法中昼夜节律基因的表达follicles.This方法强加subjects.This测定法是用于验证昼夜CH之间的相关性有用的小负担在毛囊和固有特性在生理和行为studies.While观察aracteristics它们应该被进一步验证,该离体方法用于小的有用工具体内估计 昼夜节律特征。
[背景] 活的生物体表现出在生理和行为的昼夜节律由生物钟驱动(杨和Kay,2001)。该昼夜发条由转录的细胞自主性和时钟基因驱动的负反馈环路(邓拉普,1999 )。在哺乳动物中,转录因子BMAL1和CLOCK 通过E-box元件激活时钟和与时钟相关的基因(例如Period (Per )和Cryptochrome (Cry ))的转录.PER与有效的转录抑制剂CRY一起起作用负性调节这一复杂(里珀特织女,2002年)。在体内评估个体的内在节律特点在人类,要么以恒定的例行或强制去同步化协议,价格昂贵,耗力。因此,评估利用离体培养试验中要估计体内的昼夜节律特征可能具有重要的优势。例如,一些研究已经结束,n个外周细胞反映了个体的昼夜节律偏好,称为计时型(Brown 等人,2005; Hida 等人,2013 ...
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| Assessing in vitro and in vivo Trogocytosis By Murine CD4+ T cells
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-05
[Abstract] Recognition of antigens by lymphocytes (B, T, and NK) on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) leads to lymphocyte activation and the formation of an immunological synapse between the lymphocyte and the APC. At the immunological synapse APC membrane and associated membrane proteins can be transferred to the lymphocyte in a process called trogocytosis. The detection of trogocytosed molecules provides insights to the activation state, antigen specificity, and effector functions and differentiation of the lymphocytes. Here we outline our protocol for identifying trogocytosis-positive CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, antigen presenting cells are surface biotinylated and pre-loaded with magnetic polystyrene beads before incubating for ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 抗原呈递细胞(APC)表面的淋巴细胞(B,T和NK)识别抗原会导致淋巴细胞活化并在淋巴细胞和APC之间形成免疫突触。在免疫突触处APC膜和相关的膜蛋白可以转移调用Trogocytosis到淋巴细胞的过程。检测Trogocytosed分子提供见解的激活状态,抗原特异性和效应器功能和差异的淋巴细胞。这里我们列出了我们的协议,用于识别Trogocytosis CD4阳性Tasu 性T细胞在体外和体内。体外,抗原呈递细胞是表面 生物素化并预装磁性聚苯乙烯珠,然后与体外活化的CD4 + T细胞胚细胞(90分钟)或幼稚T细胞(3-24小时)短时间孵育。阳性(trog + )细胞可通过链霉亲和素染色来筛选经生物素化的经转钙蛋白的APC膜蛋白,然后立即或在随后的孵育后通过流式细胞仪分析其激活表型,效应子功能和效应子的分化,例如,可以鉴定出嗜光细胞的阳性细胞。以前的研究已经描述了分析T细胞嗜光性的方法,以鉴定抗原特异性细胞或被细胞识别的抗原表位。使用当前方案,嗜光性对单个T细胞的影响或能力trog + T细胞调节其他免疫细胞的激活和功能的能力可在一个扩展范围内进行评估 ed时间段。
[背景 ] Trogocytosis是质膜和膜相关分子的细胞间转移。这种现象已在免疫细胞相互作用的分析中得到了广泛研究,并已观察到包括向CD4 +的转移(Wetzel 等,2005; ...
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