| Preparing Immunolocalization Slides of Maize Meiotic Chromosomes for Three-dimensional Microscopy
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] The protocol provides fully detailed steps for preparing microscopic slides of acrylamide-embedded maize meiotic cells. This method is particularly useful for examining chromatin structure and chromosome arrangement without destroying the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus.
[摘要] [摘要] 该协议提供了制备丙烯酰胺包埋的玉米减数分裂细胞显微玻片的完整详细步骤。该方法对于检查染色质结构和染色体排列而不破坏细胞核的三维结构特别有用。
[背景] 减数分裂是一个动态过程,涉及同源染色体配对,突触和重组。用于研究减数分裂蛋白的定位和动力学的细胞学分析对于了解这些过程的细节至关重要。在许多显微载玻片制备方法中,空间染色质的组织受到机械加工或化学溶剂的破坏。在这里,我们描述了三维显微镜协议,以分析染色质结构和减数分裂蛋白的定位,而不会干扰核组织。
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| Observing Nutrient Gradients, Gene Expression and Growth Variation Using the "Yeast Machine" Microfluidic Device
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract] The natural environment of microbial cells like bacteria and yeast is often a complex community in which growth and internal organization reflect morphogenetic processes and interactions that are dependent on spatial position and time. While most of research is performed in simple homogeneous environments (e.g., bulk liquid cultures), which cannot capture full spatiotemporal community dynamics, studying biofilms or colonies is complex and usually does not give access to the spatiotemporal dynamics at single cell level. Here, we detail a protocol for generation of a microfluidic device, the “yeast machine”, with arrays of long monolayers of yeast colonies to advance the global understanding of how intercellular metabolic interactions affect the internal structure of colonies ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 微生物细胞(如细菌和酵母菌)的自然环境通常是一个复杂的社区,在该社区中,生长和内部组织反映了形态发生过程和相互作用,这些过程和相互作用取决于空间位置和时间。虽然大多数研究是在无法捕获完整时空群落动态的简单同质环境(例如,大量液体培养)中进行的,但研究生物膜或菌落却很复杂,通常无法在单个细胞水平上获得时空动态。在这里,我们详细介绍了一种用于生成微流控设备(“酵母机器”)的协议,该协议带有酵母菌落的长单层阵列,以推进对细胞间代谢相互作用如何影响已定义和可定制的空间尺寸内菌落内部结构的全球了解。以酿酒酵母作为模型酵母系统,我们使用“酵母机器”通过追踪荧光标记的己糖转运蛋白来证明葡萄糖梯度的出现。我们进一步量化了菌落内生长速率的表达空间模式和葡萄糖可利用性调控的其他基因的表达。除此之外,我们显示出氨基酸的梯度也在菌落内形成,潜在地打开了类似的方法来研究许多其他营养物和代谢废物的梯度的时空形成。该方法将来可用于在与生态学和进化有关的单细胞分辨率和时标下,破译其他相同物种或更复杂的多物种系统中的远程代谢相互作用,细胞发育和形态发生之间的相互作用。
[背景 ] ...
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| Assessments of HLA-I Specificities of Anti-HLA-I Monoclonal Antibodies Using Solid Phase Bead Arrays
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Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract] Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules are a group of structurally-related cell surface proteins with a high degree of variability within the population. While only up to six variants are expressed in an individual person, the whole population contains thousands of different variants. The ability to distinguish specific variants is important in the clinic to determine compatibility during organ and bone marrow transplantation and in the laboratory to study the biological properties of individual variants. Solid phase bead arrays contain purified, individually identifiable HLA-I molecules that can be used to determine antibody specificity for individual HLA-I proteins. This method is high-throughput, highly specific, and allows for simultaneous screening of antibodies against ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 人类白细胞抗原I类(HLA-1)分子是一组与结构相关的细胞表面蛋白,在群体中具有高度可变性。一个人最多只能表达六个变体,但整个群体中包含数千个在临床中确定器官和骨髓移植的相容性以及在实验室研究单个变体的生物学特性时,区分特定变体的能力很重要。固相微珠阵列包含纯化的,可单独识别的HLA-1分子可以用于确定单个HLA-1蛋白的抗体特异性。该方法具有高通量,高特异性,可以同时筛选针对多种HLA-1同种异型的抗体。磁珠特别适用于筛查患者血清中的存在针对单个HLA-1变体的供体特异性抗体(可能在怀孕期间出现,b 输血或器官移植)等替代方法(例如使用单个表达HLA-1的细胞系)更加耗时,并且此类细胞系难以采购和标准化。研究HLA-1对其他受体和结合伴侣的特异性和选择性。
[背景 ] 人类白细胞抗原分子分为I类(HLA-I)或II类(HLA-II)。一般而言,HLA-1在所有有核细胞上均被发现并与CD8 + T细胞的T细胞受体结合,从而形成HLA -II在称为抗原呈递细胞的专门免疫细胞上发现,并与CD4 + T细胞的T细胞受体结合。HLA-I和HLA-II蛋白的主要受体是T细胞受体和CD8或CD4协同受体虽然其它受体,蛋白质和抗体是已知的,以在功能上与两组molecules.HLA-I类分子相互作用包括高度多态性的重链,一个不变的轻链(β ...
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