| Genomic Edition of Ashbya gossypii Using One-vector CRISPR/Cas9
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Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract] The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a novel genetic tool which allows the precise manipulation of virtually any genomic sequence. In this protocol, we use a specific CRISPR/Cas9 system for the manipulation of Ashbya gossypii. The filamentous fungus A. gossypii is currently used for the industrial production of riboflavin (vitamina B2). In addition, A. gossypii produces other high-value compounds such as folic acid, nucleosides and biolipids. A large molecular toolbox is available for the genomic manipulation of this fungus including gene targeting methods, rapid assembly of heterologous expression modules and, recently, a one-vector CRISPR/Cas9 editing system adapted for A. gossypii that allows marker-free engineering strategies to be implemented. The CRISPR/Cas9 ...
[摘要] [摘要] CRISPR/Cas9系统是一种新的基因工具,可以精确地操作几乎所有的基因组序列。在这个协议中,我们使用一个特定的CRISPR/Cas9系统来操纵棉蚜。丝状真菌A.gossypii目前用于核黄素(vitamina B2)的工业生产。此外,棉蚜还产生其他高价值化合物,如叶酸、核苷和生物脂类。一个大型的分子工具箱可用于该真菌的基因组操作,包括基因靶向方法、异源表达模块的快速组装,以及最近一个适用于棉铃虫的单载体CRISPR/Cas9编辑系统,该系统允许实施无标记工程策略。CRISPR/Cas9系统包括RNA引导的DNA内切酶(Cas9)和与基因组靶区互补的引导RNA(gRNA)。Cas9核酸酶需要5′-NGG-3′三核苷酸,称为原间隔基序(PAM),在基因组靶区产生一个双链断裂(DSB),该断裂可以通过同源重组(HR)由合成的致突变供体DNA(dDNA)修复,从而引入一个特定的设计突变。适用于棉铃虫的CRISPR/Cas9系统极大地促进了这种工业真菌的基因组编辑。
[背景] ...
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| Isolating Multiple Extracellular Vesicles Subsets, Including Exosomes and Membrane Vesicles, from Bovine Milk Using Sodium Citrate and Differential Ultracentrifugation
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Author:
Date:
2020-06-05
[Abstract] Milk is a complex fluid that contains various types of proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Some proteins can mingle with EVs, and interfere with their isolation. Among these proteins, caseins form micelles of a size comparable to milk EVs, and can thus be co-isolated with EVs. Preliminary steps that affect milk are crucial for EV isolation and impact the purity and abundance of isolated EVs. In the course of our previous works on cow’s milk EVs, we found that sodium citrate (1% final), which is a biocompatible reagent capable of breaking down casein micelles into 40-nm monomers, allowed the isolation of high quantities of EVs with low coprecipitation of caseins or other contaminating proteins. Using this protocol, we successfully separated different EV subsets, characterized in ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 牛奶是一种复杂的流体,其中包含各种类型的蛋白质和细胞外囊泡(EVs),有些蛋白质会与EV混合在一起,并干扰其分离,在这些蛋白质中,酪蛋白形成的胶束大小与牛奶EV相当因此,可以将其与电动汽车共隔离。影响牛奶的初步步骤对于电动汽车的隔离,影响分离电动汽车的纯度和丰度至关重要。在我们以前对牛奶电动汽车的研究过程中,我们发现柠檬酸钠(最终含量为1% )是一种生物相容性试剂,能够将酪蛋白胶束分解为40 nm单体,可分离出大量的EV,而酪蛋白或其他污染蛋白的沉淀率却很低。 EV子集,深入表征其形态,蛋白质含量和小分子RNA富集模式。我们还能够描述其在小鼠肠道炎症模型中的生物学功能。具体来说,是从同一样品中分离出不同乳EV子集的培养基。更具体地说,我们着重介绍了使用柠檬酸钠作为标准化方法来分离和研究乳EV的方法及其在差分超速离心之外的分离技术的潜力。
[背景 ] 在我们以前的出版物(本穆萨等人。,2016 ,2017,2019b和2019c;本穆萨和普罗沃斯特,2019) ,我们强调,牛乳是包含细胞外无数的复杂流体囊泡。(EV)用的子集在这些之中,外泌体是多囊体(MVB)与细胞膜融合时释放的约100 nm囊泡,进行超速离心时,这些沉淀物的离心速度等于或高于100,000 xg (P100K,其中P代表沉淀)(Pieters 等。,2015) ...
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| Modeling NOTCH1 driven T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mice
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract] T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that arises from transformation of T-cell primed hematopoietic progenitors. Although T-ALL is a heterogenous and molecularly complex disease, more than 65% of T-ALL patients carry activating mutations in the NOTCH1 gene. The majority of T-ALL–associated NOTCH1 mutations either disrupt the negative regulatory region, allowing signal activation in the absence of ligand binding, or result in truncation of the C-terminal PEST domain involved in the termination of NOTCH1 signaling by proteasomal degradation. To date, retroviral transduction models have relied heavily on the overexpression of aggressively truncated variants of NOTCH1 (such as ICN1 or ΔE-NOTCH1), which result in ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)是一种侵袭性血液恶性肿瘤,其起源于T细胞引发的造血祖细胞的转化。尽管T-ALL是一种异质且分子复杂的疾病,但超过65%的T-ALL患者在NOTCH1 基因中带有激活突变。大多数与T-ALL相关的NOTCH1 突变要么破坏负调控区,允许在没有配体结合的情况下激活信号,要么导致蛋白酶体降解终止NOTCH1信号终止所涉及的C末端PEST域被截短。迄今为止,逆转录病毒转导模型在很大程度上依赖于侵袭性截短的变种的过度表达。 NOTCH1 (例如ICN1或ΔE-NOTCH1)可导致信号传导的超生理水平,并且在人类T-ALL中很少见。当前方案描述了小鼠骨髓分离,造血干细胞和祖细胞(HSC)富集,然后逆转录病毒转导的致癌突变体形式的NOTCH1受体(NOTCH1-L1601P-ΔP)的方法,该方法与获功能突变最常见于患者样品中。组成型活性NOTCH1的这种强制表达的标志是胸腺外未成熟T细胞发育的瞬时波,此波在致癌性转化为T-ALL之前。此外,该方法通过允许白血病细胞与微环境之间的串扰来模拟体内白血病的转化和进展,这是基于细胞系的体外研究无法解释的一个方面。因此,HSC转导和移植模型更真实地概括了人类疾病的发展,为进一步的体内和离体功能研究提供了高度全面和通用的工具。
[背景 ] ...
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