| Optimize Highly Efficient Genetic Transformation Method of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars Using Mature Embryo
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Author:
Date:
2020-11-20
[Abstract] Genetic engineering is a powerful tool to develop desired traits in crop plants to make the crops suitable for future demand and changing environments. For the genetic engineering of wheat cultivars, the development of efficient transformation and regeneration systems has always been a primary requirement. Immature embryos have been used as explants for callus generation and genetic transformation of wheat cultivars, but the availability of healthy immature embryos as an explant throughout the year is difficult. In contrast, mature embryos are relatively easy to use throughout the year. The following protocol describes the genetic transformation of wheat cultivars using a mature embryo as explants by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method.
[摘要] [摘要]基因工程是开发农作物所需性状，使农作物适合未来需求和环境变化的有力工具。对于小麦品种的基因工程，开发高效的转化和再生系统一直是首要要求。未成熟的胚已被用作小麦品种的愈伤组织生成和遗传转化的外植体，但是全年都很难获得健康的未成熟胚作为外植体。相反，成熟的胚胎一年四季都相对容易使用。以下方案描述了使用小麦品种的遗传转化一个成熟胚由外植体的土壤杆菌介导的转化方法。
[背景]遗传转化是通过基因工程在小麦分子遗传学和改善使用的最重要的技术。微粒轰击和农杆菌介导的转化是小麦中遗传转化最广泛使用的两种方法（Vasil等，1992 ；Ding等，2009 ...
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| An in vitro DNA Sensor-based Assay to Measure Receptor-specific Adhesion Forces of Eukaryotic Cells and Pathogens
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract] Motility of eukaryotic cells or pathogens within tissues is mediated by the turnover of specific interactions with other cells or with the extracellular matrix. Biophysical characterization of these ligand-receptor adhesions helps to unravel the molecular mechanisms driving migration. Traction force microscopy or optical tweezers are typically used to measure the cellular forces exerted by cells on a substrate. However, the spatial resolution of traction force microscopy is limited to ~2 µm and performing experiments with optical traps is very time-consuming.
Here we present the production of biomimetic surfaces that enable specific cell adhesion via synthetic ligands and at the same time monitor the transmitted forces by using molecular tension sensors. The ligands were ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 组织内真核细胞或病原体的运动性是通过与其他细胞或细胞外基质特异性相互作用的转换来介导的。这些配体-受体粘附的生物物理特征有助于揭示驱动迁移的分子机制。牵引力显微镜或光学镊子通常用于测量细胞在基质上施加的细胞力。但是，牵引力显微镜的空间分辨率仅限于〜2 µm，使用光阱进行实验非常耗时。
在这里，我们介绍了仿生表面的生产，该表面能够通过合成配体实现特定的细胞粘附，同时通过使用分子张力传感器监控传递的力。将配体与双链DNA探针偶联，该探针具有确定的DNA解链力阈值。从而将pN范围内的受体介导力半定量转换为荧光信号，可以通过标准荧光显微镜在分辨率极限（〜0.2 µm）上检测到。
该测定的模块化设计允许改变所呈现的配体和DNA探针的机械强度，这为探测不同的真核细胞类型和病原体的粘附提供了多种可能性，此处以骨肉瘤细胞和伯氏疟原虫子孢子体为例。
[背景 ] 运动细胞和病原体以多种不同方式与环境相互作用（Parsons 等，2010； Nan ，2017； Muthinja 等，2018 ）。例如，跨膜受体将单个细胞锚定在其环境中，并使其与其他细胞相互作用（Hynes ，1992）。整联蛋白是将细胞连接到细胞外基质的主要受体，它以双向方式传递力（Schoen et ...
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| In vivo Quantification of Alkanes in Escherichia coli
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Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract] Microbial production of alkanes employing synthetic biology tools has gained tremendous attention owing to the high energy density and similarity of alkanes to existing petroleum fuels. One of the most commonly studied pathways includes the production of alkanes by AAR (acyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein) reductase)-ADO (aldehyde deformylating oxygenase) pathway. Here, the intermediates of fatty acid synthesis pathway are used as substrate by the AAR enzyme to make fatty aldehyde, which is then deformylated by ADO to make linear chain alkane. However, the variation in substrate availability to the first enzyme of the pathway, i.e., AAR, via fatty acid synthesis pathway and low turnover of the ADO enzyme make calculation of yields and titers under in vivo conditions extremely ...
[摘要] [摘要] 由于烷烃的高能量密度和与现有石油燃料的相似性，使用合成生物学工具生产烷烃的微生物受到了广泛关注。最常研究的途径之一是通过AAR（酰基-ACP （酰基）载体蛋白）还原酶）-ADO（醛Deformylating 加氧酶）途径。在这里，中间体脂肪酸合成途径被用作基材由AAR Enzym E要使脂肪醛，然后是Deformylated 通过ADO，使线性链烷烃。但是，即该途径的第一种酶的底物利用率的变化，即，AAR，通过脂肪酸合成途径和ADO酶的低周转率，使得在体内条件下的产量和效价的计算极为困难。在体内测定中，将确定的ADO酶底物外加到培养基中有助于监测菌体的流入。因此，该底物提供了更准确的产物收率测量方法。在此方案中，我们包括用于实施体内测定法以监测大肠杆菌中烷烃生产的详细指南。
[背景] 利用工程微生物生产烷烃的研究已广受欢迎，因为它提供了一种有吸引力的替代方案，可减少对化石燃料的依赖，同时减轻气候变化的影响（Lee 等，2008；Knothe ，2010； Lu，2010； Schirmer 等。人，2010;谭等人。，2011）各种途径已被发现或人工Assemb ...
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