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Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)

Company: Sigma
Catalog#: P5655
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MAMP-triggered Medium Alkalinization of Plant Cell Cultures
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  Plants recognize a wide variety of microbial molecules to detect and respond to potential invaders. Recognition of Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) by cell surface receptors initiate a cascade of biochemical responses that include, among others, ion fluxes across the plasma membrane. A consequence of such event is a decrease in the concentration of extracellular H+ ions, which can be experimentally detected in plant cell suspensions as a shift in the pH of the medium. Thus, similarly to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, phosphorylation of MAP kinases and induction of defense-related genes, MAMP-induced medium alkalinization can be used as a proxy for the activation of plant immune responses. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the measurement of ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 植物识别多种微生物分子以检测和响应潜在的入侵者,通过细胞表面受体识别微生物相关的分子模式(MAMP)引发一系列生化反应,其中包括跨血浆的离子通量此类事件的后果是细胞外H + 离子浓度降低,这可以通过实验检测到植物细胞悬浮液中培养基pH值的变化,因此类似于活性氧(ROS)积累, MAP激酶的磷酸化和防御相关基因的诱导,MAMP诱导的培养基碱化可以用作激活植物免疫反应的代理。在这里,我们描述了测量烟草BY-2细胞培养基碱化的详细方案两种不同MAMP处理后的悬浮液:衍生自真菌细胞壁的壳六聚体(NAG6; N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖)和鞭毛蛋白表位flg22 ,在细菌鞭毛发现。氏S分析提供了可靠和快速的平台来访问毫安时触发免疫(在MTI)在烟草悬浮细胞,并且可以很容易地适应其他植物物种以及其他毫安。

[背景 ] 在整个进化过程中,植物都具有检测微生物衍生分子并建立起能够抓住有害相互作用的免疫反应的能力(Boutrot和Zipfel,2017年)。诱导此类免疫反应的微生物相关分子模式(MAMP)通常被广泛保存。微生物的结构成分,例如真菌的几丁质和细菌的鞭毛蛋白(Cook 等人,2015)。胞外植物受体对MAMP的识别会导致MAMP触发的免疫(MTI),从而阻止微生物入侵并维持植物健康。(Böhmet al。,2014)。

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In vivo Quantification of Alkanes in Escherichia coli
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  Microbial production of alkanes employing synthetic biology tools has gained tremendous attention owing to the high energy density and similarity of alkanes to existing petroleum fuels. One of the most commonly studied pathways includes the production of alkanes by AAR (acyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein) reductase)-ADO (aldehyde deformylating oxygenase) pathway. Here, the intermediates of fatty acid synthesis pathway are used as substrate by the AAR enzyme to make fatty aldehyde, which is then deformylated by ADO to make linear chain alkane. However, the variation in substrate availability to the first enzyme of the pathway, i.e., AAR, via fatty acid synthesis pathway and low turnover of the ADO enzyme make calculation of yields and titers under in vivo conditions extremely ... [摘要]  [摘要] 由于烷烃的高能量密度和与现有石油燃料的相似性,使用合成生物学工具生产烷烃的微生物受到了广泛关注。最常研究的途径之一是通过AAR(酰基-ACP (酰基)载体蛋白)还原酶)-ADO(醛Deformylating 加氧酶)途径。在这里,中间体脂肪酸合成途径被用作基材由AAR Enzym E要使脂肪醛,然后是Deformylated 通过ADO,使线性链烷烃。但是,即该途径的第一种酶的底物利用率的变化,即,AAR,通过脂肪酸合成途径和ADO酶的低周转率,使得在体内条件下的产量和效价的计算极为困难。在体内测定中,将确定的ADO酶底物外加到培养基中有助于监测菌体的流入。因此,该底物提供了更准确的产物收率测量方法。在此方案中,我们包括用于实施体内测定法以监测大肠杆菌中烷烃生产的详细指南。

[背景] 利用工程微生物生产烷烃的研究已广受欢迎,因为它提供了一种有吸引力的替代方案,可减少对化石燃料的依赖,同时减轻气候变化的影响(Lee 等,2008;Knothe ,2010; Lu,2010; Schirmer 等。人,2010;谭等人。,2011)各种途径已被发现或人工Assemb ...

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