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Company: Gibco
Catalog#: 15400-054
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Live Cell FRET Analysis of the Conformational Changes of Human P-glycoprotein
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

The molecular mechanisms of P-glycoprotein (P-gp; also known as MDR1 or ABCB1) have been mainly investigated using artificial membranes such as lipid-detergent mixed micelles, artificial lipid bilayers, and membrane vesicles derived from cultured cells. Although these in vitro experiments help illustrate details about the molecular mechanisms of P-gp, they do not reflect physiological membrane environments in terms of lateral pressure, curvature, constituent lipid species, etc. The protocol presented here includes a detailed guide for analyzing the conformational change of human P-gp in living HEK293 cells by using intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), in which excitation of the donor fluorophore is transferred to the acceptor without emission of a photon when two

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[摘要]  [摘要] P-糖蛋白(P-gp;也称为MDR1或ABCB1)的分子机制已主要使用人造膜进行研究,例如脂质去污剂混合胶束,人造脂质双层和源自培养细胞的膜囊泡。尽管这些体外实验有助于阐明有关P-gp分子机制的细节,但它们在侧向压力,曲率,脂质成分等方面并未反映出生理膜环境。 此处提供的协议包括一个详细的指南,该指南用于通过使用分子内荧光共振能量转移(FRET)分析活HEK293细胞中人P-gp的构象变化,其中供体荧光团的激发被转移到受体上而不发射光子当两个荧光蛋白非常接近时。将FRET分析与膜通透性相结合,可以在活细胞中评估小分子(如核苷酸)对构象变化的贡献。

[背景] P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的是ATP驱动药转运该压出各种疏水有毒化合物到细胞外空间。P-gp由形成底物转运途径的两个跨膜结构域(TMD)和结合并水解ATP的两个核苷酸结合结构域(NBD)组成。传输至少需要两个P-gp状态。在向内(药物转运前)构型中,两个NBD分开,两个TMD向细胞内侧开放;在向外(药物转运)构象中,NBD是二聚体的,而TMD在细胞外侧略微开放(Kodan et al。,2020 )。自从发现P-gp (Juliano和Ling,1976; Chen等,1986; Ueda等,1986 ...

Co-culture of Murine Neurons Using a Microfluidic Device for The Study of Tau Misfolding Propagation
Author:
Date:
2020-08-20
[Abstract]  The deposition of misfolded, aggregated tau protein is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, collectively termed “tauopathies”. Tau pathology spreads throughout the brain along connected pathways in a prion-like manner. The process of tau pathology propagation across circuits is a focus of intense research and has been investigated in vivo in human post-mortem brain and in mouse models of the diseases, in vitro in diverse cellular systems including primary neurons, and in cell free assays using purified recombinant tau protein. Here we describe a protocol that takes advantage of a minimalistic neuronal circuit arrayed within a microfluidic device to follow the propagation of tau misfolding from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic neuron. This assay allows ... [摘要]  [摘要] 错折叠的聚集性tau蛋白的沉积是几种神经退行性疾病的标志,统称为“ tauopathies”。Tau病理以a病毒样方式沿着连接的路径在整个大脑中传播。tau病理学在整个电路中传播的过程是一项深入研究的重点,并且已在人体死后大脑和疾病小鼠模型中进行了体内研究,在包括原代神经元在内的各种细胞系统中进行了体外研究,并使用纯化的重组tau蛋白。在这里,我们描述了一种协议,该协议利用微流控设备中排列的简约神经元回路来跟踪tau错折叠从突触前神经元向突触后神经元的传播。该方法允许高分辨率成像以及释放和接收神经元的单独操作,因此有利于研究tau和其他错折叠蛋白的体外繁殖。

[背景 ] 错折叠的蛋白质在整个大脑中的传播是病理学在多种神经退行性疾病中传播的基础,包括阿尔茨海默氏病,帕金森氏症和Pri病毒病(Goedert 等人,2010;Davis 等人,2018; Hallinan 等人,2019a )。了解潜在机制可能有助于限制疾病进展,因此是深入研究的领域。存在几种体内和体外测定法来监测该过程,包括对过度表达的突变型人tau产生神经变性的小鼠模型(Allen 等人,2002; Ramsden 等人,2005; Santa Cruz 等人,2005; Gibbons 等人。等人,2017)。体外模型包括表达可监测聚集的生物传感器的细胞系(Kfoury ...

Fibrin Breakdown Assay
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  Fibrinolysis is an integral part of the matrix remodeling process that contributes to tissue repair. Fibrin clots are broken down during fibrinolysis in a controlled process. Fibrin degradation products (FDPs) have also been shown to have a role in the regulation of cell growth and are implicated in various vascular diseases. This protocol was designed to quantitatively measure the extent of fibrin breakdown and how this can be adapted as a tool to further investigate the pathway involved in fibrinolysis or fibrin degradation products. Until now, we haven’t found an alternative method to analysis fibrinolysis. [摘要]  [摘要] 纤维蛋白溶解是基质重塑过程中不可或缺的一部分,它有助于组织修复。在受控的过程中,纤维蛋白凝块在纤维蛋白溶解过程中被破坏。纤维蛋白降解产物(FDPs)也已显示出对细胞调节的作用。生长且与各种血管疾病有关。该协议旨在定量测量纤维蛋白分解的程度以及如何将其用作进一步研究纤维蛋白溶解或纤维蛋白降解产物的途径的工具。到目前为止,我们还没有发现了另一种分析纤维蛋白溶解的方法。

[背景 ] 在止血过程中,纤维蛋白既是纤维蛋白溶解的最终底物,又是凝血级联反应的主要产物(Cesarman-Maus 和Hajjar ,2005 ;Chapin和Hajjar,2015 )。对植入的生物材料的急性炎性反应,已表明血纤蛋白在白细胞的迁移进而发炎中起着重要作用(Yakovlev and Medved ,2018)。血纤蛋白溶解是一个严格调节的过程,通过该过程,富含血纤蛋白的血栓形成和降解,防止血凝块的生长(Amengual 和Atsumi ,2016)并有助于组织修复(Houslay 等人,2019)。在纤维蛋白溶解过程中,纤维蛋白凝块(凝血产物)被分解,纤维蛋白降解产物(FDPs)被分解。作为促有丝分裂因子的纤维蛋白可以促进内皮细胞,平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞的增殖以及胆固醇沉积(Dong ...

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