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Fixed angle type 45 Ti rotor

Company: Brea
Catalog#: 339160
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FRET-based Microscopy Assay to Measure Activity of Membrane Amino Acid Transporters with Single-transporter Resolution
Author:
Date:
2021-04-05
[Abstract]  

Secondary active transporters reside in cell membranes transporting polar solutes like amino acids against steep concentration gradients, using electrochemical gradients of ions as energy sources. Commonly, ensemble-based measurements of radiolabeled substrate uptakes or transport currents inform on kinetic parameters of transporters. Here we describe a fluorescence-based functional assay for glutamate and aspartate transporters that provides single-transporter, single-transport cycle resolution using an archaeal elevator-type sodium and aspartate symporter GltPh as a model system. We prepare proteo-liposomes containing reconstituted purified GltPh transporters and an encapsulated periplasmic glutamate/aspartate-binding protein, PEB1a, labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores. We then

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[摘要]  [摘要]次级活性转运蛋白驻留在细胞膜中,利用离子的电化学梯度作为能量源,可针对陡峭的浓度梯度转运极性氨基酸(如氨基酸)。通常,基于集合的放射性标记底物摄取或转运电流的测量可确定转运蛋白的动力学参数。在这里,我们描述了一种基于荧光的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸转运蛋白功能测定方法,该方法使用古细菌升降剂型钠和天冬氨酸共转运蛋白Glt Ph作为模型系统,提供了单转运蛋白,单转运周期的分辨率。我们准备包含重组的纯化的Glt Ph转运蛋白和封装的周质谷氨酸/天冬氨酸结合蛋白,PEB1a,用供体和受体荧光团标记的蛋白脂质体。然后,我们将蛋白脂质体表面固定化,并使用单分子全内反射荧光(TIRF)显微镜测量随时间变化的运输依赖性荧光共振能量转移(FRET)效率变化。与放射性配体摄取测定法相比,该测定法在时间分辨率上提高了10-100倍。它还可以对不同转运周期步骤进行动力学表征,并识别转运蛋白种群内的动力学异质性。


[背景]膜驻留的二级主动转运蛋白或溶质载体(SLC)介导氨基酸,激素,神经递质,维生素和药物等溶质的细胞摄取。他们将集中的底物摄取与主要通过Na + / K + ATPases的作用维持的离子电化学梯度的能量上有利的耗散结合在一起(Lingrel and Kuntzweiler ...

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Mouse Feces
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  Exosomes secreted by colonic epithelial cells are present in feces and contain valuable epigenetic information, such as miRNAs, proteins, and metabolites. An in-depth study of this information is conducive to the diagnosis or treatment of relevant diseases. A crucial prerequisite of such a study is to establish an efficient isolation method, through which we can obtain a relatively more significant amount of exosomes from feces. This protocol is designed to effectively isolate a large number of exosomes from contaminants and other particles in feces by a combined method with fast filtration and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Exosomes generated by this method are suitable for further RNA, protein, and lipid analysis. [摘要]  [摘要] 外来体分泌的结肠上皮细胞是否存在,在粪便和包含有价值的表观遗传信息,例如miRNA,蛋白质和代谢。一个在深入研究这个信息,有利于诊断和治疗相关疾病的一种重要前提这项研究的目的是建立一种有效的分离方法,通过该方法我们可以从粪便中获得相对大量的外泌体。该方案旨在通过组合方法有效地从粪便中的污染物和其他颗粒中分离出大量外泌体通过快速过滤和蔗糖密度梯度超速离心。这种方法产生的外泌体适用于进一步的RNA,蛋白质和脂质分析。

[背景] 结肠外泌体由结肠上皮细胞分泌到管腔中,并沿大肠转运并存在于粪便中。这些外泌体的脂质双层结构可防止复杂条件下封装的生物分子(如miRNA)的降解(由于粪便)(古贺等人,2011 ; 邓等人,2013 )。该保护功能外体是非常有用的,因为这些受保护的内容可以用来诊断疾病,如溃疡性结肠炎和结肠癌症。重要的是,重新设计的外泌体也可以有效地将治疗性生物分子递送至某些特定的疾病靶标,而不会对宿主产生免疫毒性(Sun 等人,2010; Johnsen 等人,2014; Wang 等人,2016; Kim和Kim,2018 )。

迄今为止,已成功地从血液(Wu 等人,2017 ),尿液(Knepper和Pisitkun,2007; Motamedinia 等人,2016 ),培养细胞(Yeo 等人,2013 ...

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