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4-20% Mini-PROTEAN® TGXTM Precast Protein Gels, 10-well, 50 µl

Company: Bio-Rad
Catalog#: 4561094
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Affinity Purification of GO-Matryoshka Biosensors from E. coli for Quantitative Ratiometric Fluorescence Analyses
Author:
Date:
2020-10-05
[Abstract]  Genetically encoded biosensors are powerful tools for quantitative visualization of ions and metabolites in vivo. Design and optimization of such biosensors typically require analyses of large numbers of variants. Sensor properties determined in vitro such as substrate specificity, affinity, response range, dynamic range, and signal-to-noise ratio are important for evaluating in vivo data. This protocol provides a robust methodology for in vitro binding assays of newly designed sensors. Here we present a detailed protocol for purification and in vitro characterization of genetically encoded sensors, exemplified for the His affinity-tagged GO-(Green-Orange) MatryoshCaMP6s calcium sensor. GO-Matryoshka sensors are based on single-step insertion ... [摘要]  [摘要]遗传编码的生物传感器是强大的工具为离子和代谢物的定量可视化在体内。设计和优化此类生物传感器通常需要分析大量变体。体外确定的传感器特性,例如底物特异性,亲和力,响应范围,动态范围和信噪比,对于评估体内数据很重要。该协议为新设计的传感器的体外结合测定提供了可靠的方法。这里我们提出了一个详细的协议用于纯化和体外表征的遗传编码的传感器,例示的His亲和标记的GO-(绿橙色)MatryoshCaMP6s钙传感器。GO-Matryoshka传感器基于在感兴趣的结合蛋白内一步插入一个包含两个嵌套荧光蛋白,圆形排列的荧光绿色FP(cpGFP )和Large Stoke Shift LSSmOrange的盒的方法,从而产生了利用被分析物触发的比例式传感器cpGFP的荧光变化。


[背景技术]将绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)在1962年被鉴定在水母水母维多利亚(下村等人,1962) 。30年后,描述了其首次用作报道基因(Chalfie等,1994)。自从发现以来,GFP变体和其他荧光蛋白为生物科学的主要进步做出了巨大贡献,并且现在已成为生物医学研究中的常用工具(Frommer等,2009)。

各种荧光蛋白(FP)和FP变异体已被用作报道分子或与所有生命王国的生物体中的蛋白融合(Chudakov等,2010 ;Valeur和Berberan- ...

A Quantitative Single-cell Flow Cytometry Assay for Retrograde Membrane Trafficking Using Engineered Cholera Toxin
Author:
Date:
2020-08-05
[Abstract]  The organization and distribution of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in eukaryotic cells is an essential process for cell function. Retrograde trafficking from the plasma membrane to the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum can greatly modify cell membrane composition and intracellular protein dynamics, and thus typifies a key sorting step. However, methods to efficiently quantify the extent or kinetics of these events are currently limited. Here, we describe a novel quantitative and effectively real-time single-cell flow cytometry assay to directly measure retrograde membrane transport. The assay takes advantage of the well-known retrograde trafficking of cholera toxin engineered with split-fluorescent proteins to generate novel tools for immediate monitoring of intracellular trafficking. ... [摘要]  [摘要]蛋白质、脂类和核酸在真核细胞中的组织和分布是细胞功能的重要过程。从质膜到高尔基体和内质网的逆向运输可以极大地改变细胞膜的组成和细胞内蛋白质的动态变化,因此是一个关键的分选步骤。然而,有效量化这些事件的程度或动力学的方法目前是有限的。在这里,我们描述了一种新的定量和有效的实时单细胞流式细胞术检测直接测量逆行膜转运。这项检测利用了众所周知的霍乱毒素逆行转移的特性,利用裂解荧光蛋白产生了新的工具,用于即时监测细胞内的转移。这种方法将大大扩展研究细胞内膜转运的生物学基础,以及细胞膜转运系统如何适应不同细胞类型和细胞状态的生理需要。

[背景]所有的真核细胞都依赖于它们动态地将分子分类和分离到膜结合的亚细胞器中的能力,以便组织和分配到细胞的特定区域。在这一过程中的一个重要步骤是早期分类内体和跨高尔基网络(TGN)。在从分选内体产生的其他贩运途径中,通过分泌途径到TGN的逆行贩运是一个关键的分选步骤(Johannes和Popoff,2008)。细胞膜蛋白和脂类发生逆向转运。从TGN到内质网(ER)的进一步逆行贩运可通过一些质膜脂质完成,并可巧妙地由几种细菌毒素和病毒协同作用而致病(Cho等人,2012年;Personnic等人,2016年;Williams和Tsai,2016年)。

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Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Mouse Feces
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  Exosomes secreted by colonic epithelial cells are present in feces and contain valuable epigenetic information, such as miRNAs, proteins, and metabolites. An in-depth study of this information is conducive to the diagnosis or treatment of relevant diseases. A crucial prerequisite of such a study is to establish an efficient isolation method, through which we can obtain a relatively more significant amount of exosomes from feces. This protocol is designed to effectively isolate a large number of exosomes from contaminants and other particles in feces by a combined method with fast filtration and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Exosomes generated by this method are suitable for further RNA, protein, and lipid analysis. [摘要]  [摘要] 外来体分泌的结肠上皮细胞是否存在,在粪便和包含有价值的表观遗传信息,例如miRNA,蛋白质和代谢。一个在深入研究这个信息,有利于诊断和治疗相关疾病的一种重要前提这项研究的目的是建立一种有效的分离方法,通过该方法我们可以从粪便中获得相对大量的外泌体。该方案旨在通过组合方法有效地从粪便中的污染物和其他颗粒中分离出大量外泌体通过快速过滤和蔗糖密度梯度超速离心。这种方法产生的外泌体适用于进一步的RNA,蛋白质和脂质分析。

[背景] 结肠外泌体由结肠上皮细胞分泌到管腔中,并沿大肠转运并存在于粪便中。这些外泌体的脂质双层结构可防止复杂条件下封装的生物分子(如miRNA)的降解(由于粪便)(古贺等人,2011 ; 邓等人,2013 )。该保护功能外体是非常有用的,因为这些受保护的内容可以用来诊断疾病,如溃疡性结肠炎和结肠癌症。重要的是,重新设计的外泌体也可以有效地将治疗性生物分子递送至某些特定的疾病靶标,而不会对宿主产生免疫毒性(Sun 等人,2010; Johnsen 等人,2014; Wang 等人,2016; Kim和Kim,2018 )。

迄今为止,已成功地从血液(Wu 等人,2017 ),尿液(Knepper和Pisitkun,2007; Motamedinia 等人,2016 ),培养细胞(Yeo 等人,2013 ...

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