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Microcentrifuge

Company: Eppendorf
Catalog#: Centrifuge 5424
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A Novel Method to Construct Binary CRISPR Vectors for Plant Transformation by Single Round of PCR Amplification
Author:
Date:
2021-04-05
[Abstract]  

CRISPR/Cas9 is an established and flexible tool for genome editing. However, most methods used to generate expression clones for the CRISPR/Cas9 are time-consuming. Hence, we have developed a one-step protocol to introduce sgRNA expression cassette(s) directly into binary vectors (Liu et al., 2020). In this approach, we have optimized the multiplex PCR to produce an overlapping PCR product in a single reaction to generate the sgRNA expression cassette. We also amplified two sgRNA expression cassettes through a single round of PCR. Then, the sgRNA expression cassette(s) is cloned into the binary vectors in a Gateway LR or Golden gate reaction. The system reported here provides a much more efficient and simpler procedure to construct expression clones for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome

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[摘要]  [摘要] CRISPR / Cas9是一种成熟且灵活的基因组编辑工具。但是,大多数用于生成CRISPR / Cas9表达克隆的方法都很耗时。因此,我们开发了一种将sgRNA表达盒直接引入二元载体的一步协议(Liu等人,2020年)。在这种方法中,我们优化了多重PCR,以在单个反应中产生重叠的PCR产物,从而生成sgRNA表达盒。我们还通过单轮PCR扩增了两个sgRNA表达盒。然后,在Gateway LR或Golden gate反应中将sgRNA表达盒克隆到二元载体中。本文报道的系统为构建用于CRISPR / Cas9介导的基因组编辑的表达克隆提供了更有效,更简单的程序。在此协议中,我们描述了使用此系统的详细分步说明。


[背景]乙acteria保卫针对病毒通过蛋白系统,由群集规则间隔开的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)中,CRISPR相关(CAS)蛋白质,CRISPR的RNA(crRNAs)和反式编码crRNA(tracrRNA)。现在,研究人员已经将其系统开发为用于靶向基因组编辑的关键工具。CRISPR –二元载体表达两个元素–具有靶序列的sgRNA(target-sgRNA)和Cas9蛋白–切割靶基因组区域。冯等人。(2013年)已经构建了网关载体,通过农杆菌介导的转化在植物中共表达Cas9和sgRNA ...

Auxin-mediated Protein Degradation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  The auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology was recently adapted for use in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Rapid degradation of C. elegans proteins tagged with an AID is mediated by a plant-specific F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1), and occurs only in the presence of the phytohormone auxin. The first iteration of this technology elicited protein degradation in C. elegans through a naturally occurring form of auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Here, we present a protocol that uses 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, potassium salt (K-NAA), an indole-free synthetic auxin analog. At equal concentration, K-NAA is as effective as IAA in standard nematode growth media (NGM). K-NAA is also effective in physiological buffer (M9), allowing for ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 植物生长素诱导的德隆(AID)技术最近被用于线虫秀丽隐杆线虫。带有AID标签的秀丽隐杆线虫蛋白的快速降解是由植物特异性F-box蛋白介导的,转运抑制剂反应1 (TIR1),而且只发生在存在的植物激素生长素。第一次迭代的这项技术引起蛋白质降解C. 线虫通过一个天然存在形式的生长素,吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)。在此,我们协议用途1-萘乙酸,钾盐(K-NAA),一个,自由吲哚合成的植物生长素类似物。在相等浓度 ,K-NAA在标准线虫生长培养基(NGM)中与IAA一样有效。K-NAA在生理缓冲液(M9)中也有效,可以进行高通量实验。K-NAA的主要优点有两个:它的光稳定性可防止光诱导的化合物在储存过程中降解以及在活细胞的荧光显微镜检查过程中产生有毒的吲哚衍生物;其次,其水溶性消除了使用乙醇溶解植物生长素化合物(一种可能混淆C 的溶剂)的需要。线虫寿命和行为分析。在这个协议中,我们描述方法降解菌的C. elegans的使用K-NAA对固体和液体介质的蛋白质,以及我们的方法分析蛋白质降解。

[背景 ] 有条件的蛋白质降解通过降解决定子是一个新兴的方法研究蛋白质功能在秀丽隐杆线虫(拔头筹而Frokjaer -詹森2019年)。现在的降解决定子的方法包括ZF1 (Armenti 等人。2014年,萨累。等,2018) ,生长素诱导型德龙(AID)(Zhang ...

An ex vivo Approach to Assess Mitochondrial ROS by Flow Cytometry in AAV-tagged Astrocytes in Adult Mice
Author:
Date:
2020-03-20
[Abstract]  Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are naturally produced signalling molecules extremely relevant for understanding both health- and disease-associated biological processes. The study of mROS in the brain is currently underway to decipher their physiopathological roles and contributions in neurological diseases. Recent advances in this field have highlighted the importance of studying mROS signalling and redox biology at the cellular level. Neurons are especially sensitive to the harmful effects of excess mROS while astrocytic mROS have been shown to play a relevant physiological role in cerebral homeostasis and behaviour. However, given the complexity of the brain, investigating mROS formation in a specific cell-type in adult animals is methodologically challenging. Here we ... [摘要]  [摘要] 线粒体活性氧(mROS )是天然产生的信号分子,与理解健康和疾病相关的生物过程极为相关。目前正在研究大脑中的mROS ,以了解其在神经疾病中的生理病理作用和贡献。该领域的最新进展凸显了在细胞水平研究mROS 信号传导和氧化还原生物学的重要性。神经元对过量的mROS 的有害作用特别敏感,而星形细胞的mROS对 已经显示出在脑稳态和行为中起相关的生理作用。但是,鉴于大脑的复杂性,研究成年动物中特定细胞类型中mROS的形成在方法上具有挑战性。在这里,我们提出了一种方法来具体评估星形胶质细胞中的mROS 丰度,该方法结合了i )一种靶向策略,该策略基于在星形胶质细胞(胶质纤维酸性蛋白或GFAP)下表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的腺相关病毒(AAV)载体的使用)启动子,以及ii)使用商业探针通过流式细胞术测量mROS 的强大且广泛扩展的方案。这项工作的意义在于,它允许通过易于使用的技术来选择性研究星形细胞mROS的丰度。

[背景 ] 氧化损伤与许多疾病的病因有关,包括神经退行性疾病,因为大脑是氧化应激以及与年龄相关的变化异常脆弱的组织(Cobley 等,2018; Mattson和Arumugam ...

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