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Sodium chloride, NaCl

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: S9888-500G
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Characterize the Interaction of the DNA Helicase PriA with the Stalled DNA Replication Fork Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Author:
Date:
2021-03-05
[Abstract]  

In bacteria, the restart of stalled DNA replication forks requires the DNA helicase PriA. PriA can recognize and remodel abandoned DNA replication forks, unwind DNA in the 3'-to-5' direction, and facilitate the loading of the helicase DnaB onto the DNA to restart replication. ssDNA-binding protein (SSB) is typically present at the abandoned forks, protecting the ssDNA from nucleases. Research that is based on the assays for junction dissociation, surface plasmon resonance, single-molecule FRET, and x-ray crystal structure has revealed the helicase activity of PriA, the SSB-PriA interaction, and structural information of PriA helicase. Here, we used Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to visualize the interaction between PriA and DNA substrates with or without SSB in the absence of ATP to

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[摘要]  [摘要]在细菌中,停滞的DNA复制叉的重新启动需要DN A解旋酶PriA 。PriA可以识别并重塑废弃的DNA复制叉,在3'到5'方向展开DNA,并促进解旋酶DnaB加载到DNA上以重新开始复制​​。ssDNA结合蛋白(SSB)通常存在于废弃的叉子上,从而保护ssDNA免受核酸酶的破坏。该研究是基于所述测定法离解结,表面等离振子共振,单分子FRET,和x射线晶体结构已经揭示的解旋酶活性PRIA ,SSB- PriA相互作用以及PriA解旋酶的结构信息。在这里,我们使用原子力显微镜(AFM)可视化了在不存在ATP的情况下在有或没有SSB的情况下PriA和带有或不带有SSB的DNA底物之间的相互作用,以描绘PriA在其ATP催化的DNA解链反应之前的底物识别模式。该协议描述了获取高分辨率AFM图像的步骤以及数据分析和表示的细节。

[背景]当DNA复制遇到障碍或断裂时,需要对其进行修复并随后重新启动(Kogoma,1997; Cox等,2000; McGlynn和Lloyd,2002;G abbai和Marians,2010; Michel等,2018)。 )。在细菌中,DNA解旋酶PRIA通过识别废弃DNA复制叉,从而便于重新组装的介导这一过程复制体的解旋酶和装载DNAB (Wickner和赫维茨,1975; Zavitz和Marians,1992; ...

Efficient Transient Gene Knock-down in Tobacco Plants Using Carbon Nanocarriers
Author:
Date:
2021-01-05
[Abstract]  Gene knock-down in plants is a useful approach to study genotype-phenotype relationships, render disease resistance to crops, and enable efficient biosynthesis of molecules in plants. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing is one of the most common ways to achieve gene knock-down in plants. Traditionally, siRNA is delivered into intact plant cells by coding the siRNA sequences into DNA vectors, which are then delivered through viral and/or bacterial methods. In this protocol, we provide an alternative direct delivery method of siRNA molecules into intact plant cells for efficient transient gene knock-down in model tobacco plant, Nicotiana benthamiana, leaves. Our approach uses one dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), to ... [摘要]  [摘要]植物基因敲低是研究基因型与表型关系,提高作物对病害的抵抗力以及实现植物分子高效生物合成的有用方法。小干扰RNA(siRNA)介导的基因沉默是在植物中实现基因敲低的最常见方法之一。传统上,通过将siRNA序列编码到DNA载体中,将siRNA传递到完整的植物细胞中,然后通过病毒和/或细菌方法传递。在这个协议中,我们提供的siRNA分子的替代直接递送方法为完整的植物细胞的高效瞬时根Ë击倒在模型的烟草植物,烟草本塞姆氏烟草,叶子。我们的方法使用一维碳基纳米材料,单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)来传递siRNA,而不依赖于病毒/细菌的传递。我们方法的独特优势在于:i )不需要对siRNA序列进行DNA编码; ii)与非生物方法相比,这种非生物方法可在更广泛的植物物种中起作用,并且iii)使用非生物递送时,调节并发症更少方法,其中基因沉默是瞬时的,而无需对植物基因组进行永久性修饰。

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[背景技术[ 0002 ]在1990年代初,植物研究人员研究矮牵牛花的着色发现了通过RNA干扰(RNAi)引起的基因沉默(Van der ...

Growth Recovery Assay and FACS-based Population Sorting Following Territorial Exclusion in Proteus mirabilis
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Many bacteria take part in self recognition and kin discrimination behavior using contact-dependent effectors. Understanding the effects these effectors cause is important to explain bacterial community formation and population dynamics. Typically, kin discrimination effectors are toxins that kill target cells; their effect is therefore obvious and easily measurable. However, many self-recognition effectors, such as the Proteus mirabilis Ids system, are non-lethal and do not cause obvious physiological changes in target cells. Previously, experimental techniques to probe cells experiencing non-lethal kin recognition have been limited. Here we describe a technique to reliably isolate cells deemed self and non-self through Ids self-recognition for downstream phenotypic analysis. ... [摘要]  [摘要] 许多细菌使用接触依赖性效应子参与自我识别和亲属歧视行为。了解这些效应子引起的作用对于解释细菌群落形成和种群动态很重要。通常,亲属歧视效应子是杀死靶细胞的毒素;因此,它们的效果是显而易见的,并且易于测量。但是,许多自我识别效应器,例如变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis) Ids系统是非致命性的,不会在靶细胞中引起明显的生理变化。以前,探测经历非致命亲属识别的细胞的实验技术受到限制。在这里,我们描述了一种技术,该技术可通过Ids自我识别可靠地分离被视为自身和非自身的细胞,以进行下游表型分析。将荧光标记的自我识别突变体的液体培养物混合在一起,并接种在群体允许的琼脂上。收获混合群,并通过荧光激活细胞分选术(FACS)分离每个菌株。在平板读取器上测量每种菌株的生长速率。该协议适用于其他细菌物种。我们简要描述了如何将分类的颗粒用于其他分析,如RNA-Seq文库制备。

[背景和 d] 许多生物的进化适应社区生活。整个大自然中存在的一种常见机制是亲属歧视:对近亲的优先对待和对非亲属的阻碍(Smith,1964)。细菌亲属歧视的研究充分的例子包括接触依赖性抑制(CDI)(Aoki 等,2009; Garcia 等,2016)和通过IV型和VI型分泌系统进行毒素转移(Brunet 等,2013; Souza ...

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