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50 ml Falcon® tubes

Company: Dutscher
Catalog#: 352070
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A Triple-challenge Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Disease, Primary Influenza Infection, and Secondary Bacterial Infection
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  Asthma is a global problem that affects millions of individuals. An increased risk of respiratory viral and bacterial infections is one of the complications of asthma. We recently reported that mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease (AAD) are protected against influenza-Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection. Here, we describe in detail a protocol on how to induce AAD and influenza-S. pneumoniae co-infection in mice and to evaluate the specific roles of asthma on immunity to viral and bacterial pathogens in the hope of translating findings to benefit asthmatic individuals. [摘要]  [摘要] 哮喘是一个全球性问题,影响着数以百万计的人。呼吸道病毒和细菌感染的风险增加是哮喘的并发症之一。我们最近报道说,患有卵白蛋白诱发的过敏性气道疾病(AAD)的小鼠可以预防流行性感冒肺炎链球菌合并感染。在这里,我们详细描述议定书中关于如何诱导AAD和流行性感冒肺炎链球菌合并感染的小鼠并要评估的具体作用哮喘在抗干扰性病毒和细菌病原体的希望翻译发现以使哮喘患者受益。

[背景] 全球患病个体与哮喘的增加,随着300亿目前的痛苦和额外的100万个新发生率预测到2025年(生菜等,2017) 。由于中改变的免疫系统,哮喘的个体被认为具有风险增加易感性的流感感染的季节性和大流行性流感感染可导致并发Bacteri 铝感染可导致气道呼吸窘迫综合征,潜在的危及生命的疾病(Gilca 等,2011) 。无论是否哮喘病是在最近的2009年H1N1大流行期间,哮喘患者更容易因流感住院,但临床数据也表明哮喘患者死亡或需要ICU的可能性较小与没有哮喘的人相比,流感大流行期间大多数死亡不是由每次入院的病毒感染引起的。本身,但实际上是由于继发细菌感染引起的并发症(Morens 等人,2008; MacIntyre 等人,2018)。我们先前曾报道患有AAD的小鼠对流感病毒或肺炎链球菌的单次感染具有抗性(Furuya 等人,2015; Sanfilippo ...

Spectrophotometric Assessment of Heme Oxygenase-1 Activity in Leishmania-infected Macrophages
Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract]  Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress responsive enzyme that metabolizes heme and releases free iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin (BV), which rapidly undergoes conversion to bilirubin (BL). Estimation of bilirubin is the basis of HO-1 assay. HO-1 activity is widely employed to determine antioxidant response of cells under different physiological stress environment. Intra-macrophage infection often acts as such a stress inducer and measurement of HO-1 activity in infected cells indicates the ability of pathogens towards modulating oxidative response of host. The present protocol describes analysis of HO-1 activity in infected macrophages by spectrophotometric method, which is much less complex and therefore advantageous over other methods like high-performance liquid chromatography, ... [摘要]  [摘要] 血红素氧合酶-1 (HO-1)是一种应激反应酶,它能代谢血红素并释放出游离的铁,一氧化碳(CO )和胆绿素(BV),并迅速转变为胆红素(BL)。胆红素的估计是HO-1测定的基础。HO-1活性被广泛用于确定在不同生理压力环境下细胞的抗氧化反应。巨噬细胞内感染通常是压力的诱因和测量方法 被感染细胞中HO-1活性的变化表明病原体具有调节宿主氧化反应的能力。本协议描述了通过分光光度法分析感染的巨噬细胞中HO-1活性的方法,该方法不那么复杂,因此比其他方法(例如高效液相色谱法,放射化学方法和通过气相色谱法检测CO)更具优势。主要步骤包括:(1)制备含有HO-1的巨噬细胞微粒级分(2)分离含有biliverdin还原酶的大鼠肝胞质级分,以及(3)通过分光光度法检测胆红素来评估血红素加氧酶-1活性。该方法提供了一种简单而灵敏的方法来测量感染条件下的细胞抗氧化反应。

[背景] 活性氧(ROS)是抵抗巨噬细胞入侵病原体的主要宿主防御武器之一(Missall 等,2004)。另一方面,巨噬细胞内的病原体由于其在巨噬细胞内的成功持久而中和了早期的氧化爆发(Paiva和Bozza,2014年)。为了应对这种氧化压力,生物可以部署宿主细胞的抗氧化酶,例如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)来清除ROS ...

Production, Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Biotinylated Phytochrome B for Extracellular Optogenetics
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  In the field of extracellular optogenetics, photoreceptors are applied outside of cells to obtain systems with a desired functionality. Among the diverse applied photoreceptors, phytochromes are the only ones that can be actively and reversibly switched between the active and inactive photostate by the illumination with cell-compatible red and far-red light. In this protocol, we describe the production of a biotinylated variant of the photosensory domain of A. thaliana phytochrome B (PhyB-AviTag) in E. coli with a single, optimized expression plasmid. We give detailed instructions for the purification of the protein by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and the characterization of the protein in terms of purity, biotinylation, spectral photoswitching and the ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 在细胞外光遗传学领域,光感受器被应用于细胞外,以获得具有所需功能的系统。在各种应用的感光体中,植物色素是唯一可以通过与细胞相容的红色和远红外光照射而在活性和非活性光态之间主动和可逆地切换的色素。在此协议中,我们描述了在大肠杆菌中拟南芥光敏色素B(PhyB-AviTag )的光敏域的生物素化变体的生产。 带有一个优化的表达质粒。我们给出了通过固定的金属亲和色谱法纯化蛋白质的详细说明,并根据纯度,生物素化,光谱光开关以及与它的相互作用伴侣PIF6的光依赖性相互作用对蛋白质进行了表征。与以前使用PhyB-AviTag 进行的研究相比,此方案中使用的优化表达质粒简化了生产过程,并显示出更高的产量和纯度。

[背景 ] 在新兴的细胞外光遗传学领域,光感受器被应用于细胞外,例如,以控制生物功能或设计光响应性生物材料(Leung 等,2008;Zhang 等,2015;Chen and Wegner ,2017 ; Lyu 等人,2017 ; Wang 等人,2017 ; Bartelt 等人,2018 ; Beyer 等人,2018a ; Beyer 等人,2018b ; Jia 等人,2018 ; Kolar 等人, 2018 ; Liu 等人,2018 ; Wu 等人,2018 ; Baaske 等人,2019 ; Gil 等人,2019 ; H?rner ...

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