| Extraction and Quantification of Sphingolipids from Hemiptera Insects by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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2021-02-20
[Abstract] Sphingolipids are major structural components of endomembranes and have also been described as an intracellular second messenger involved in various biological functions in all eukaryotes and a few prokaryotes. Ceramides (Cer), the central molecules of sphingolipids, have been depicted in cell growth arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. With the development of lipidomics, the identification of ceramides has been analyzed in many species, mostly in model insects. However, there is still a lack of research in non-model organisms. Here we describe a relatively simple and sensitive method for the extraction, identification, and quantification of ceramides in Hemiptera Insects (brown planthooper), followed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry ...
[摘要] [摘要]鞘脂类是endomembranes的主要结构部件和已经也被描述为参与所有真核生物和原核生物几多种生物学功能的细胞内第二信使。 神经酰胺(CER),鞘脂的中心的分子,已经在细胞生长停滞,细胞分化被描述,和细胞凋亡。随着脂质组学的发展,已经在许多物种中对神经酰胺的鉴定进行了分析,其中大多数是模型昆虫。但是,仍然缺乏对非模型生物的研究。在这里,我们描述了用于提取中相对简单和灵敏的方法N,鉴定,并在半翅目昆虫的神经酰胺的定量(棕色planthooper ),随后用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(UPLC-MS / MS)。C18被用作用于对三联四极液体MAS定量检测和分析的分离柱小号光谱仪。在该方案中,采用标准曲线方法以根据可选的检测条件确认更准确的神经酰胺定量。
[背景]鞘脂是膜脂质在活体生物的第二大组和细胞结构,代谢和调节的许多方面发挥了重要作用(拉希里和Futerman,2007)。起初,人们认为鞘脂是结构相关分子的复杂家族,但越来越多的研究表明鞘脂参与了许多细胞过程(Mao和Obeid ,2008 )。神经酰胺(CER)是必不可少的牵连生物活性脂质的各种细胞生物过程从细胞生长调控细胞死亡和衰老(Futerman和Hannun,2004 ; ...
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| In vivo Mouse Mammary Gland Formation
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract] For years, the mammary gland serves as a perfect example to study the self-renew and differentiation of adult stem cells, and the regulatory mechanisms of these processes as well. To assess the function of given genes and/or other factors on stemness of mammary cells, several In vitro assays were developed, such as mammospheres formation assay, detection of stem cell markers by mRNA expression or flow cytometry and so on. However, the capacity of reconstruction of whole mount in the cleared fat pad of recipient female mice is a golden standard to estimate the stemness of the cells. Here we described a step-by-step protocol for in vivo mammary gland formation assay, including preparation of “cleared” recipients and mammary cells for implantation, the surgery process and ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 多年来,乳腺一直是研究成体干细胞的自我更新和分化以及这些过程的调控机制的完美例证。为了评估给定的基因和/或其他因素对乳腺细胞的干性,有几个函数体外测定法开发出来,如微球体由mRNA表达形成试验,干细胞标志物的检测或流式细胞术等。然而,在雌性小鼠清除的脂肪垫中整个坐骨的重建能力是估计细胞干性的黄金标准。在这里,我们描述了体内的分步操作方案 乳腺形成测定,包括准备“清除”的受体和用于植入的乳腺细胞,手术过程以及如何评估实验结果。结合通过基因编辑和/或药物处理对乳腺细胞的操作,该方案在乳腺干细胞和乳腺发育的研究中可能非常有用。
[背景 ] 作为哺乳动物最典型的器官之一,乳腺(MG)是外分泌腺,负责泌乳。MG的发育受某些性激素的控制,这些激素的水平精确地调节了MG在不同发育阶段的结构,细胞组成和功能变化(Henigighausen and Robinson,2005)。许多遗传和环境因素都参与了乳腺干细胞的调控和MG的发育。为了研究这些因素的功能和机理,已经开发了几种方法,特别是用于评估乳腺细胞的干性。先前的研究表明,只有MG的基底细胞而非管腔细胞能够在受体雌性小鼠清除的脂肪垫中重建上皮树,这表明乳腺干细胞仅存在于基底谱系中(Van Keymeulen 等,2011)。 )。后来,包括我们在内的许多研究发现了乳腺干细胞的几种标志物(Prater ...
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| Insect Feeding Assays with Spodoptera exigua on Arabidopsis thaliana
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Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract] Plant-insect interaction is an important field for studying plant immunity. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is one of the best-known agricultural pest insects and is usually used to study plant interactions with chewing insects. Here, we describe a protocol for insect feeding assays with Spodoptera exigua lavae using model host plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which is simple and easy to conduct, and can be used to evaluate the effect of host genes on insect growth and thus to study plant resistance to chewing insects.
[摘要] [摘要 ] P 兰特-insect互动是研究植物免疫力的一个重要领域。甜菜夜蛾 甜菜夜蛾,是最好的-K的一个nown农业害虫和是通常用来研究植物的相互作用与咀嚼昆虫。这里,我们描述一个协议用于我NSECT ˚F eeding 一个ssays用甜菜夜蛾lavae使用模型宿主植物拟南芥,这是简单且容易进行,并且可被用于评价效果的昆虫生长的宿主基因,从而研究植物对咀嚼昆虫的抵抗力。
[背景 ] 植物面临的各种生物逆境终其一生,如食草动物攻击的d。P个athogen感染。甜菜夜蛾,甜菜夜蛾,是一个世界性的植食性害虫具有广泛的宿主范围,damag 荷兰国际集团各种蔬菜作物和CAU的荷兰国际集团巨大的经济农业损失 (豪和JANDER 2008 ; 胡等人。,20 13 )。甜菜夜蛾升arvae 通常养活两个叶子和果实,并且是极大的破坏性。拟南芥是的寄主植物甜菜夜蛾,而且也是一个经典模式植物,研究植物对食草动物。在这里,我们描述的方法改编自我们以前的工作(你等,2019)笔Ø 进行的˚F eeding 一个与ssays 甜菜夜蛾幼虫对拟南芥莲座叶。通过计算不同基因型的叶片喂食后幼虫的重量,我们能够在实验室环境中评估植物对草食动物攻击的抗性。
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